Reasons Why You Should Live at Home During University

Reasons Why You Should Live at Home During University Reasons Why You Should Live at Home During University By Lizzie Exton The majority of people heading off to university at the start of the autumn term will choose to live in either halls of residence or a house share, but some will decide â€" or have no other option â€" than to remain in their family home.   Here are some reasons why living at home during university could actually be perfect for you. You’ll save money via GIPHY Well here’s the biggest pro: more money.   You will save a lot by living at home, even if your parents decide you need to pay your own way and stump up some rent or contribute more to the family coffers.   It’s cheaper to cook and eat family meals than paying for little bits here and there or living off takeaways rather than wasting electricity on the cooker.   Anything you get by way of a student loan can almost entirely go on what you want to spend it on, rather than lining the pockets of a landlord. You can socialize less via GIPHY Wait, why’s this a good thing? Well, living at home means you get to pick and choose which social events you attend, meaning you’ll save even more money by not being coerced into every pub crawl and social going.   When you live in halls it can be hard to wriggle out of those ‘fun’ gatherings and parties, but if you have the excuse of not living nearby then nobody will blame you for not showing up. Plus, sometimes it’s just nice to have a night in and watch Netflix! You’ll feel more supported via GIPHY In many ways, living at home can also mean you keep a valuable support network close at hand.   Plenty of students find university a lonely and unhappy experience, with mental health conditions on the rise among the student population.   And even though your parents might embarrass you from time to time, or still treat you like a child, there’s nothing quite like getting a good, warm hug from your mum or dad when you’re upset about something, or your favorite home-cooked meal when you’re exhausted after a long day. You’ll stay close to school friends via GIPHY By this we mean both geographically and emotionally. While you might feel stifled and limited in some respects, living at home also makes it easier to keep up with old friends and you know there’s always a sympathetic ear and a cuddle to hand if things start to go wrong in either your studies or love life. Obviously, this is even more ideal if you happen to be neighbors with your closest friend/s. You won’t have to put up with so many annoying habits via GIPHY Living in flatshares or university halls can have their difficulties. Whether it’s thieving flatmates helping themselves to your milk, piles of dishes accumulating in the sink, people coming in at 4am making loads of noise and waking you up when you have a 9am lecture the next day….the list goes on. And chances are, your parents are a lot tidier and quieter to live with (and probably own a dishwasher). So if you’re easily bothered by noise or mess, living at home might be an ideal option. Downsides to living at home Obviously, living at home isn’t always going to be ideal â€" so it’s worth bearing in mind the following before you make your decision: You won’t get the same sense of freedom as your fellow students who are living in halls or a house share. You may be an adult in the eyes of the rest of the world, but your parents will probably still see you as a child, so might not be too keen on letting you come and go as you please at all times of the day and night. You may find that your university social life is a little more limited as a result of this. It’s harder to get involved in late night social events if you have to get home at a reasonable time and not wake the whole household.   Halls of residence and student accommodation tend to be closer to the university, while your home might well be commute or long walk away from your uni campus. You should factor in the costs of your commute and also think about how much time you’d need to allow to get to lectures in time. This means it might be harder to make friends. You’ll have to try harder than those who live in halls and are surrounded by other students day and night. Joining societies and clubs or volunteering can be a good way to meet people, but if they hook up in the evenings you might not find it so easy to join in. Living at home can also put a bit of a dampener on your love life. Few people will want to bring a new partner home to their parents’ house, and it might not go unnoticed if you fail to return after a night out.   -- In summary, there are pros and cons to both staying and home and leaving the nest â€" it’s up to you to weigh up the positives and negatives of each accommodation option to decide what’s right for you. Lizzie Exton writes for Inspiring Interns, which specializes in sourcing candidates for  internships. To browse our  graduate jobs London listings, visit our website.

Conflict and Social Order Theory - 1976 Words

Social OrderAccording to the social order model, society is given a set of rules to regulate people behaviors and prevent anomie or normlessness. Society serves the interests of all sharing, a strong set of norms and values, though not being able to adhere to these cause people to feel out of place. Most people accept this hierarchy as long as they see the system is fair. However, it is not fair, and this in turn becomes visible when it comes to occupations. Young people do not apply to specific jobs because they assume their qualifications are not well-built enough to obtain certain positions and therefore are exploited and oppressed in the workforce. Conflict TheoryThe conflict models expresses that people are constantly competing and†¦show more content†¦Meryl Streep proved this by telling Anne Hathaway that reason she chose her sweater is because society, in this case the world of fashion, claims that the fashion and colour of the sweater is the in style. Meryl demonstrated that Anne chose a sweater without putting much thought into it, but in fact here thoughts were already shaped for her by what society had previously claimed to be the in style. Anne did not realize that the act of something as simple as choosing a sweater, because she liked the look or colour, was determined by previous causes that are external from her. This shows peoples actions are highly predictable and that human behaviors are the result of social causes and not of free will.October 29, 2007How does a skeptical read of the article reveal contradictions and ambiguities about what the survey(s) is/are about?Does MacLeans provide an objective pres entation of the findings of the survey?After reviewing the excerpt in Macleans that claimed to reveal the best and worst universities in Canada, using the two surveys the National Survey of Student Engagement and the Canadian Undergraduate Survey Consortium, it is reasonable to say that the results are unreliable. For one, the answers of the students are not facts but opinions. A university should not be labeled good or bad according to peoples thoughts and judgments because these cannot be proven to be true or false. AsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of the Sociological Theories1282 Words   |  5 PagesThe four sociological theories are (1) Functionalisms, (2) Conflict Theory, (3) Symbolic Interaction and (4) rational choice. Functionalism believes that each part of society works in its own way and that the whole is interrelated so that one feeds into the other and the whole works together harmoniously as a unit. The government, for instance, provides education and libraries for its citizens and citizens, in turn, pay taxes to the government so that the whole country profits. Schools provide educationRead MoreStructural Functionalism And Conflict Theory972 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to best use the sociological perspective, it is important to use a â€Å"beginner’s mind†, which is essentially seeing things in a new light and leaving behind all preconceptions. The macro level of the social world examines large-scale social structures, while the micro level of the social world involves face-to-face and small-group interactions. Both macrosociology and microsociology attempt to better understand society, groups, individuals, and institutions. Some sociological theories areRead MoreCritical Analysis of the Conflict Theory1633 Words   |  7 Pagesare three major theories: Structural Functionalism, Symbolic Interaction, and Conflict. These theories relate to the main aspects of life in a society: organized group membership, interaction, and conflict. Out of all three of these, conflict seems to be the most straight-forward. Every person has experienced conflict in life. The main focus of this theory is how power structures and power disparities impact people’s lives (The Catholic University of America,  2008). 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Examples ofRead MoreHandling Conflict And The Conflict Resolution1254 Words   |  6 Pages Handling Conflict Norma Valdez-Rosa South University Online Handling Conflict Introduction Conflict cannot be eliminated from the workplace therefore learning appropriate conflict-handling skills is important. It is imperative nurses learn how to effectively handle conflict in the work environment (Morrison, 2008). According to the Conflict Resolution Questionnaire Analysis, my style of conflict resolution is Collaborating. I believe that working together will get better resultsRead MoreConflict Theory1445 Words   |  6 PagesConflict theory is the theory that human behavior in social contexts is the result of conflicts between competing groups, as different social groups, be they class-, gender- or race-defined, have unequal power and access to power, yet all groups compete for limited resources. This inevitably gives rise to tension and conflict, albeit often of the subtle variety, as oftentimes the conflicts between groups have been institutionalized in society to such a degree that the conflicts and tensions are suchRead MoreThe Theory Of Social Life1581 Words   |  7 Pages In order to interpret social life we have utilized three primary theoretical perspectives. In this paper I will summarize all three primary perspectives by identifying the role, figures and key concepts related to each of these three theories. I will then identify which of these three theories I find most useful in studying sociology today and then I will explain the rationale behind my selection. Finally, I will provide my own argument to the debate as whether the purpose of social research shouldRead MoreThe Theory Of Human Actions, Decisions, Behavior, And Other External Elements Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesEarly sociologists, instrumental in the development of sociology’s three foundational theories, --George Herbert Meade, Charles Horton Cooley, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Emile Durkheim, and Karl Marx-- established the framework of symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and conflict theory. Each played key roles in establishing the levels and focu ses of analysis that are used in applying the three theoretical perspectives to the study of human actions, decisions, behavior, and other external

The Expansion Of The United States Essay - 1918 Words

The United States in 1973 had spent the past two decades in the largest economic boom of world history. The rapid growth of industry and expansion of the automobile industry that characterized this time period led the U.S. to comprise a staggering 30% of the world’s total energy consumption, the chief source of which was oil. However, the U.S. only contained 6% of the world’s known oil reserves, so there was no way it could meet it’s own demands through domestic production alone. This created a huge dependency on oil imports from foreign countries, primarily in the Middle East, and gave these countries immense power over the U.S.’s economic affairs. In 1973, Middle Eastern OPEC members were tired of exploitation by British and American oil companies and angered over the US’s support of Israel in the Arab-Israeli conflicts over the Palestine, so they decided to unleash their power by decreasing output and in some cases totally stopping their export o f oil to the U.S. in order to artificially increase prices. The crisis lasted only a year, but it’s effects on the American peoples’ view of their position in the world and on domestic and foreign policy were far-reaching. The Oil Crisis of 1972 to 1973 was a watershed event in American history because it made the U.S.’s dependence on and vulnerability to the influence other nations undeniable, highlighted the need for international interdependence in order to best make use of the world’s limited natural resources, and gave theShow MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of The United States1638 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolve colonizing land, buying it, or even going to war over it. The Unites States started off in 1607 when Englishmen colonized and founded Jamestown, Virginia while the Indian people lived in the land . In 1803 President Jefferson acted beyond the constitution and made the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the United States in size, because he did not wan t the French people in North America . The expansion of the United States continued throughout the years . In 1846 war started with Mexico, since MexicoRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe belief of the Manifest Destiny, that caused the westward expansion and led to many wars between all different types of people and the different countries that used the land. The expansion allowed for the lifespan to increase, the economy blossomed, and the main goal was accomplished which was getting occupation of America from ocean coast to ocean coast. In the early 1800s the United States started their goal of the westward expansion. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped Americans to advance theirRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1200 Words   |  5 Pages The progress of expansion in the United States is one filled with complicated, complex, and irrational decisions. Geographically, North America changed dramatically by having the landmass grow, through discovery, by at least doubling what it was before. The European discovery of North America, the Mississippian shatter zone, Louisiana Purchase, and the Mexican-American war are all historical events that changed the path and future of America dramatically, through the making of controversial decisionsRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States expanded territorially in many different ways. One of the main ways was war, also purchasing land or just taking land, as they did to the Indians. There were many points of view on expanding te rritorially and many reasons why or why not the United States should expand. The ideas of manifest destiny, imperialism, social darwinism, and the fear that if the United States didn’t join in and try to acquire land then there would be no land left for them. They would be inferior to otherRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pages The expansion of the United States into the territory west of the Mississippi River began with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the nation with a great deal of $15 million from France. While, American development was influenced by westward expansion, the purchasing of more land created controversy. Many disagreed with the idea of expanding and taking over land because Indians who already occupied the land wasn’t included in the agreement that was made and theRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States840 Words   |  4 PagesSimilar to the oppressive structure of the United States, which favors residents of a higher socioeconomic status, and favors the dominant culture while oppressing minorities (primarily poor blacks and Hispanics), Jerusalem’s structure is oppressive to Palestinians. Yes, Jerusalem’s growth politics are concerned (partially) with economics, but the driving force here is maintaining and expanding Jewish cont rol through claim of space, and by oppressing Palestinians through displacement. When buildingRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1246 Words   |  5 PagesFor states all through the nation in the not so distant future, there s a typical topic: an atmosphere of instability coupled with a feeling of veritable open door. In the midst of stresses over the national government s disappointment to help financing for framework, numerous states are making moves to create that subsidizing all alone. Congress appears to have stalled—once more in its endeavors to change the movement framework, however states are sanctioning bills intended to give new rightsRead MoreThe Westward Expansion Of The United States960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Westward expansion began for the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For $15 million dollars, President Thomas Jefferson purchased from France 828,000 square miles, including most of 14 current states, thus doubling the size of America. Jefferson now had the land, but how to populate it was another story. On a three year expedition, Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore the lands to get a better understanding of the geography and resources of the West. During the 1830s

Human Resource Department And The Human Resources Department

The Human Resource Department is one of the essential divisions in an organization with a complete structure. Its function involves maximizing employee performance, improving the company policies, enhancing the skills of the employees through training, established system in the organization, managing people, give rewards and privileges, planning, implementing and a lot more. Why there is a need of this department? This is because people are the biggest asset of a company that no one can ever replicate. Thus, they need to be managed, controlled, trained and improved. This is the birth of Human Resource Department or the HRD. According to Ruth Mayhew of studio D article, an ably run human resources department can offer the organization with†¦show more content†¦Recruitment. The success of recruiters and employment specialists generally is measured by the number of positions they fill and the time it takes to fill those positions. This function starts with talent search of the best fit for the available position. Once there are prospects, these prospects will undergo the recruitment process from the initial interview, job testing, final interview, submission of job requirements and hiring. Safety. Workplace safety is an important factor. Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, employers have an obligation to provide a safe working environment for employees. Beforehand, this function is the least important among all functions of Human Resource Department. But now that the law on workplace safety has been released, all employers are required to establish a safety workplace environment for its employees. Building of clinics, fire and earthquake drillings and standby first aid kits are some of the organization’s compliance to the law. Employee Relations. In a unionized work environment, the employee and labor relations functions of HR may be combined and handled by one specialist or be entirely separate functions managed by two HR specialists with specific expertise in each area. I am used to be a human resource employee relations officer. My role is to make sure

Representational art Essay Example For Students

Representational art Essay Pop art advocates the transformation of everyday consumer objects and urban debris into art. It rejected Abstract Expressionists heroic personal stance and the spiritual, psychological content of their art. Instead, Pop artists adopted a more playful and ironic approach to art and life, seeing it as a return to representational art, relieved from the esoteric speculation of the abstract. Pop art is essentially about 1. Syntactic complexity: under this heading belong the interplay of written and pictorial forms, such as Jasper Johns letters, or words, and Indianas numbers and sentences. 2. Range of Media: creative uses of new media such as in Rauschenbergs combine-paintings; or the extension of medium, seen with Rosenquist introducing billboard techniques into experimental easel painting. 3. Familiarity of objects: Lichtensteins comics or Warhols newsprint sources; in some cases, the object is literally and physically present-Wesselmanns bathrooms and Dines objects attached to canvases illustrate this well. 4. Connections with technology: Rauschenberg in particular, machines are also an essential term.13 We will write a custom essay on Representational art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To see how, artistically, these two movements transformed from one to the other, we will focus on a representative artist from each category and contrast their work. For our study, we would look at Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol. The undisputed leader of American Abstract Expressionism movement, Pollocks works showed a strong sense of dynamic rhythm, articulate touch and contrast of light and dark. His impulses were linear, draftsmanly and sensuous with a painterly feeling. On the contrary, the forerunner of the Pop Art movement, Warhol worked in a strikingly different manner. Warhol preferred the notion of Mass Production; he wanted art that appealed to everybody, emphasizing the idea of life as art. His works addressed the issue of consumerism and questioned the concept of originality. Unlike Pollock, who once said about his inward search for original expression, When I am in my painting, Im not aware of what Im doing. It is only after a sort of get acquainted period that I see what I have been about,14 Warhol worked to make his art less exclusive, desiring art that would be absolutely blank, without style or emotion. Pollocks 1943 Guardians of the Secret (fig. 1) is an example of his early style of work. The highly figural yet highly abstract work shows vertical figures flanking a central panel filled with hieroglyphs distributed all-over. Pollock was inspired by abstract styles and Picassos Male and Female in Search of a Symbol in the late 1920s. His efforts during that period resulted in works with strikingly theatrical space, an opening in the middle flanked by figures, like stage-flats, on either side. This was Pollocks favourite format from 1942 to 1946, evident in pictures such as Guardians of the Secret (1943), and Pasiphae (1943).15 On the other hand, Andy Warhols early works such as Saturdays Popeye (1960) (fig. 2) showed a faithful transposition of a single frame but painted with a gestural looseness indebted to the technique of Abstract Expressionism. The brushy passages of white along the lower edge and the black background in the work which exhibits a few drips, evidently mocked the painterly quality of Abstract Expressionism.16 In addition, this work is basic to the development of American Pop Art as its subject is readymade, with familiarly stark treatment. Pollocks and Warhols works in later years further emphasised the dichotomy between Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art. Pollocks first drip painting Cathedral (1947) (fig. 3) showed a sense of shallow space created with interlocking laces of colours, employing the All-over style to create a dense network of fluid and a sense of visual rhythm. In this work, traditional perspective is denied, emphasising instead the flatness of the picture plane yet creating a mysterious depth in its interstices. In contrast, Warhols works do not emphasize Pollocks personal interaction with his work; he believes that somebody should be able to do all my paintings for me. .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .postImageUrl , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:visited , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:active { border:0!important; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:active , .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83 .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6715d68644659bb6606bebe56b7fcc83:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The way the viewer experiences art EssayWarhols The Marilyn Monroe Diptych (1962) (fig. 4) is the result of Warhols awareness that over-exposure to images gradually divest them of any emotion and gives them iconic power. The image in this work was subjected to countless variations, over or under inked-a good example of the variety that comes from the apparent mechanization of picture production.18 Warhols love for mass production and constant reference to popular images greatly differed from Pollocks soul-searching, natural, personal and active working style. In Pop Art, we see a revolution against Abstract Expressionism, both in terms of goals and technical rendering. Pop artists Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns began with the idea of impersonal art, to form a painting that used the bold brushstrokes of the Abstract Expressionism but without their emotional content. The everyday objects used by Jasper Johns and other Pop artists were given banal or impersonal treatment completely unlike the heroic stance of Abstract Expressionism. These were gestures of contempt and defiance directed at the rhetoric of Abstract Expressionism by avoiding any emotions and any physical dynamism; push-pull effect of Abstract Expressionist paintings. In a nutshell, in many ways, the inherent artistic difference between Pop Art and Abstract Expression was brought by the cultural shift during the period of post 1945 to late 1960s. The immediate aftershock effect of the war caused the Americans to prefer purity and a new form of art-creation from within, showing passion and action. This environment enhanced the Abstract Expressionist artists exclusive art forms what focused on expressing from within, as said by Pollock, My painting is directmethod of painting is the natural growth out of a needto express feelings rather than to illustrate them.19 In contrast, the late 1950s environment of popular culture inspired the Pop artists to use mass-produced commodities of modern urban and suburban life. Pop Arts approach was to bring art firmly back into contact with the world and life, and to look for subject matter that would ensure a degree of unacceptability.

Humanistic Perspective and Addiction Essay Example

Humanistic Perspective and Addiction Essay Tia Gardner September 21, 2012 Humanistic Perspective and Addiction There are several theories of addiction. All of them are imperfect. All are partial explanations. It is for this reason that it is important to be aware of and question addiction theories. One contemporary psychoanalytical view of substance abuse is that it is a defense against anxiety (Thombs D 2006). Addicts often abuse alcohol and other substances to guard against anxiety and other painful feelings like shame, guilt, loneliness and depression. Psychological problems including substance abuse disorders are viewed as a result of inhibited ability to make authentic, meaningful, and self directed choices about how to live. The Humanistic Perspective views the human nature as basically good, with a natural potential to maintain healthy, meaningful relationships and to make choices that are in the best interest of self and others. Humanistic and existential psychotherapies use a wide range of approaches to case conceptualization, therapeutic goals, intervention strategies, and research methodologies. Consequently, interventions are aimed at increasingly client self-awareness and self-understanding. Humanistic and existential therapies delve to a much deeper level, to issues related to substance abuse disorders and addiction, often serving as a catalyst for finding alternatives to fill the emptiness that the addict may be feeling. In the 1970s, there was a breakthrough in receiving insurance reimbursement for treatment of addictive disorders-an agreement between Smithers Rehabilitation Program and Blue Cross/Blue Shield of New York designating the 28-day rehab benefit. We will write a custom essay sample on Humanistic Perspective and Addiction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Humanistic Perspective and Addiction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Humanistic Perspective and Addiction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Addictive behavior was now considered a primary illness, a symptomatic expression of an underlying mental disorder. Axis II disorders were not considered serious mental illnesses whose treatment could be underwritten by insurance companies and, later, by managed-care policy makers. Fragmenting symptoms as if they derived from separate illnesses led to a misuse of the concept of so called dual diagnosis, flying in the face of Jellineks original ideas and enabling patients to minimize the severity of their core ego deficits by splitting them into disparate and unconnected parts serving their delusions f denial and the maintenance of dependency. All interested parties are aware that the most frequent outcome of treatment is relapse. Although patients are held responsible, in fact, for their own behavior, the public perceives such behaviors as a failure of the treatment environment. Therefore, grasping the humanistic perspective and aspects of addiction and its treatment can only work to advance the knowledge and technology of effective treatments of addiction. There are many different kinds of addictions, from drugs to interpersonal relationships. Although these diverse addictions vary in many ways there are common threads that bind them together. There are several theories that model addiction: genetic theories, exposure theories (both biological and conditioning), and adaptation theories. To be successful, an addiction model must blend the multidimensional aspects of addiction. It must account for regional and cultural variation, interpersonal preferences as well as hold true for the variety of addictions. In addition, a good model will describe a cycle that exists that encourages increasing use until the addiction is overwhelming and leaves the host lame. Lastly, theories must be able to describe addiction as it occurs through human experience. Although animal studies can aid in understanding behavior, results need to be carefully interpreted before they are applied to the much more complex nature of a human being. Though a genetic component seems likely, exactly what the gene codes for has not been elucidated. Questions arise as to whether or not it is the addictive behavior that is encoded or a biological mechanism that drives the behavior. Are there differences in the metabolism of various addictive substances that allow an individual to have varying levels of a drug in the blood stream and have a psychological experience different from someone else? Is there some genetic difference that perhaps allows some to realize when an elevated blood alcohol level has been reached and transmits a message to the brain to stop drinking that others do not have? These questions have not been clearly answered and are under persistent investigation. Among the numerous definitions for addiction, there lies yet another to define it from a biochemical perspective. Milkman (1983) defines it as â€Å"self-induced changes in neurotransmission that result in social problem behaviors. This definition encompasses the psychological, biochemical and social aspects of addictive processes. It is not limited to substance abuse and can be applied to any activity characterized by compulsion, loss of control and continuation of the substance despite harm. This has helped investigators gain a better understanding of the nature of addiction. It has been shown that individuals turn to drugs that elicit a mood or level of arousal consistent with their mode of dealing with stress. Those who deal with stress by confrontation choose drug stimulants. Those who withdrawal from stress chooses opiate drugs. Others who deal with stress through activities related to imagery or fantasy turn to hallucinogens. These differences between behavior and drug preference are thought to be biochemically driven. Although I primarily favor a synthesis of the biological and behavioral perspectives, I believe the humanistic perspective is more useful in understanding the phenomenon of recovery from alcoholism and/or drug addiction. For me this is a very unusual and interesting paradox. That a psychological disorder has been best explained by the biological and behavioral perspectives, but not necessarily best dealt with using those same perspectives is fascinating, and I think it is very true for alcoholism and addiction. The biological and behavioral perspectives do well to explain addiction Recovery from poses people towards addiction. Addicts also learn certain behaviors and cognitions from their environment; avoidance, irresponsibility, self-doubt, and self-loathing, that predispose them towards the self-destruction of addiction. It is quite possible that these things, a genetic predisposition and environmental factors, go hand in hand given the dynamics of a family with an alcoholic parent: children are far more likely to become an alcoholic/addict themselves. Of course, at this point, I have to fess up to personal experience to support my argument in favor of the humanistic perspective regarding recovery from drug addiction. Having been diagnosed a drug addict, I have been exposed to all sorts of treatments stemming from biological and behavioral theories. Rewards and punishments, all fell somewhat short of the mark with respect to achieving long-term abstinence and overall improvement in the quality of my life. It wasnt until a completely different approach was taken, that recovery from addiction was possible. I feel that the usefulness of the humanistic perspective isnt particular to my experience either, but might be fairly universal to others also recovering from addiction. In the case of drug addicts, at a certain point, a natural inclination to grow and achieve a more fulfilling existence can over-power the causes of addiction. Nurturing these desires is far more effective in overcoming addiction than relying on the causes for answers. Take, for example, success rates of recovery in 12-step programs. Rather than focusing on the causes of addiction, or drawing the outlines for recovery from the cause, 12-step programs take a distinctly humanistic approach, encouraging people to better themselves, their lives, and their communities. These programs rely on the addicts personal desire to better himself and then direct him in how to do it. The reasons for success of 12-step programs are not completely understood by psychologists or doctors, but the fact that they help people recover from alcoholism and drug addiction is largely undisputed. I think, in this particular case, its because the humanistic perspective is used. And through experience, I have found that any sort of therapy emphasizing personal choice, self-betterment and self-fulfillment goes a lot further in treating addiction than does medication or reconditioning efforts. Despite personal biology and environmental factors that teach an addict to deal with life by avoiding it, the humanistic perspective allows an addict to overcome these things by taking control of their choices and the behaviors that were harmful to them. Where the biological and behavioral perspectives maintain that addiction is a result of factors beyond the addicts control, which may, in fact, be true, recovery from addiction has proven best served by free-will and consciously striving to improve ones self. In the particular instance of drug addiction, while biology and behavior may be responsible for the problem, the tenants of the humanistic perspective provide the most effective cure. http://www. psychologytoday. com http://www. addictioninfo. org http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov

We Decide if Rejection Fits

We Decide if Rejection Fits When we are rejected, whether Yea, yea, youve heard all that, and its easier said than done. You know, the standing back up stuff. After all, arent we just getting shot, then standing back up to be shot again? Maybe. But sooner or later, those people run out of ammo. I had a real pity party this week. Hey, didnt I have one of those not too long ago? Yes, but there are all sorts of ways to be rejected, you know. And about the time you toughen up to one form of it, another slaps you from behind. This time, I actually sat down with a cup of coffee and asked myself some pertinent questions because I didnt like how this situation made me think. I was not chosen for a speaking engagement that Id spoken at before. And its laughable now, but I caught myself seeking ways to criticize the event and the players involved rather than looking in the mirror. Childish. Then I asked myself: Do you feel like a lesser person because you didnt make the cut? Is that the problem? Did they make you question yourself, make you think you were on the wrong track? Then I asked: Is there anything in this situation that would make you change who you are and what you do? Are these gatekeepers important enough to alter your path? We dont like to think of ourselves as substandard. But sometimes its as simple as we dont have the right connection. Sometimes the person in front of us made the cut and filled the slot. Sometimes who and what we are isnt the who and what someone else needs for the job. Was I ready to change something major as a result of that particular rejection? Sometimes a rejection is a sign we arent our best, but not this time. My husband tried to tell me how they didnt merit me, which was sweet. Who doesnt love a good cheerleader? But instead I took my coffee cup back to the computer and kept on working. I could think its their loss or theyre stupid or they dont deserve me, but that makes me a type of person I dont want to be. I was a square peg for their not-so-square hole. Better to spend my energy seeking square holes.