British Empire Essay -- British English History

THE BRITISH EMPIRE The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for a time was the foremost global power. It was a product of the European age of discovery, which began with the maritime explorations of the 15th century, that sparked the era of the European colonial empires. By 1921, the British Empire held sway over a population of about 458 million people, approximately one-quarter of the world's population. It covered about 36.6 million km ² (14.2 million square miles), about a quarter of Earth's total land area. As a result, its legacy is widespread, in legal and governmental systems, economic practice, militarily, educational systems, sports, and in the global spread of the English language. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous colonies or subject nations. During the five decades following World War II, most of the territories of the Empire became independent. Many went on to join the Commonwealth of Nations, a free association of independent states. This astonishing empire was never undone in the way that the Roman Empire was: instead it dissolved peacefully, by mutual consent, and the British, apart from creating the world's largest empire, also had the privilege of being the only empire builders not to be destroyed in their far flung empire itself. ORIGINS UNDER ELIZABETH I The first moves by the British to establish an empire came during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Elizabeth was a far-sighted sovereign who financially supported the voyages of exploration, mainly through her favorite, Sir Francis Drake, who in 1580, became the first... ...FORMER OTTOMAN TERRITORY IN MIDDLE EAST The outcome of the First World War in 1919, saw the British Empire at its height: the Treaty of Versailles gave Britain most of the German Empire in Africa, while the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East led to the British acquisition of Palestine and Iraq in 1918. DISSOLUTION OF THE EMPIRE AFTER WORLD WAR II The British Empire only finally started dissolving after the First World War, with the process being speeded up dramatically in the aftermath of the Second World War. The primary reason for the dissolution of the empire was economic and political rather than racial: after the Second World War, Britain was simply too impoverished to continue holding on to an empire created in a previous century, and it was easier to grant independence to the far flung colonies, especially when some of these turned violent.

Love and Courtship in Shakespeare’s Day Compared to Modern Views on Love and Courtship.

Love and courtship in Shakespeare’s day compared to modern views on love and courtship. During the renaissance the Europeans saw love and courtship as two different yet important parts of life. It concerned expectations of families and communities, not just the longings of the couple. Shakespeare’s ‘Midsummer Night Dream’ gives us a clear view of a typical situation when couples fall in love and defy the rules. In the play there are four characters (Hermia, Helena, Lysander and Demetrius) all of which fall into one big love catastrophe.Both Lysander and Demetrius loved Hermia at the beginning of the play, Hermia loved Lysander and Helena loved Demetrius, as the play goes on both Lysander and Demetrius fall in love with Helena . In the end Hermia and Lysander reunite and Helena and Demetrius fall in love. In Robert Herrick’s ’To the Virgins, To Make Much of Time’, the poem shares a common message with the Europeans of the renaissance per iod and that is to live life to the absolute fullest. How does the renaissance view compare with the modern views on love and courtship?Love in the renaissance was an over powering force which could be both spiritual and sexual. Spiritual love means love without expectations. Normally when one loves anyone there is some form of expectation attached and it is conditional. However spiritual love is unconditional, no matter what the circumstances are. This form of love is divine and only develops after a considerable amount of spiritual practice when one perceives God in everyone. So also, we become happier individuals when our love is not adulterated or diluted by expectations.The Poets of the renaissance time period believed love was pure and selfless emotion. Yet some poets believed love was sexual. Sexual love is a deep feeling of sexual desire and attraction. They believed sexual desire is a vital part of love. However In midsummer night dream there are two situations in which ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s contradicted , firstly, Hippolyta rebukes theseus’s sexual desire until after their wedding day and secondly, Hermia refuses to satisfy Lysander’s sexual desire ,as they lay in the forest floor, until after they are married. Love is a well thought emotion back in the renaissance.Overall love in the renaissance period was confusing yet somehow magical. On the other hand modern love varies. Boys and girls are falling love every second of the day calling it a simple ‘Crush’. However love has a deeper meaning it’s the strong positive emotion of regard and affection. Overall love is important and meaningful part of renaissance and modern time periods Courting in the renaissance is really just the more traditional version of dating. In courting there are usually more restrictions that are forced upon two lovers who are ready to be betrothed.Courting is a much more formal way to get to know your beloved. The two people are prearranged to meet in a private setting such as the home of one of the two people. If the ‘date’ is to be in a more public location, the female must be accompanied by a family member or close friend. Usually the man will woo the female yet he is less anxious about the physical side of the relationship and is more interested in creating a deeper and meaningful connection. In the poem ‘to the virgins, to make much of time’ the male tells the female about the brevity of life.He is wooing her as he tells her life is short and to live it to the fullest. The male usually persuades the female to show physical love by telling ‘tomorrow will be dying ‘and therefore seize the opportunity. Overall courting is a product of a more traditional culture and its variety of ways that still have much to contribute to our developing world. In comparism dating is a much informal way to get to know you’re beloved. It is a private affair between two people who arranged to meet somewh ere, usually in public. Such dates can be watching a movie in the theaters or having a meal together in a restaurant.Dating is a situation where the people get a chance to find out whether they are suited for each other before getting to know each other in a spiritual intellect. Dating can engage romantic talk, kissing, making out, and sometimes sex. Even without the preventive rules of courting dating can often lead to permanent relationships and latter on marriage. Overall dating is a product of a modern day society and is a generally evolved with behavior that has developed as a result of sexual freedom and disposing of religious, ethical and social standards.Every now and then A few Renaissance couples, ran away to be married in secret. They did this so they can marry for love. Defiant couples faced greater obstacles to elopement because many Anglican communities required parental consent. This applied especially for couples below certain ages. No matter how strict the rules wer e there were always some clever couples who managed to bypass them. In the play midsummer’s night dream Hermia and Lysander run away after hermias father Egeus gives his consent to Demetrius ‘Demetrius, stand forth.My noble lord, this man hath my consent to marry her. ’ The couple wasn’t at all amused at this decision and therefore both decided to runaway to Lysander’s widowed aunt’s house. If the couple were to be caught they will bring shame upon their families and will be separated for life. The consequences of this mainly bestow upon the female. ‘You must either suffer death, or have no further contact with men. ’ The female will either be killed by her father’s grant or become a nun for life. However this is not quite the contrary in modern days.Firstly there aren’t as tight rules as they had in renaissance period. Modern couples have the freedom to marry whom they wish. There are still some customs in a modern marriage. Firstly the man should propose this is the giving of the engagement ring to the women. The parents are then notified separately if the wedding is to take place; it will be organized mainly by the bride’s family. The couple will never need to runaway to get married; they have a right, that’s something they didn’t have back in the renaissance.Even if they did the punishment will definitely not be a harsh as the punishment of the renaissance period. Overall runaway couples are two completely different situations in the renaissance and modern periods of time. In conclusion love and courtship are two very important aspects of life. From the above points we can come to a conclusion modern views are more relaxed whereas the renaissance view consisted of some really strict restrictions. Thought the views are relatively related they are both completely different opinions on love and courtship.

Reservation Blues Essay

Sherman Alexie, author of the novel Reservation Blues, explains that at the start of an Indian’s life on a reservation, he or she is destined to be hopeless. First, parental guidance is infrequent leaving many infant Indians with an insufficient childhood. After that, Indian children experience poor education revolved around heaps of stereotyping and bullying from their white classmates and teachers. Next, any sort of entertainment such as television, music, and books are extremely rare. Then leaving their life with a lack of stability and sustainability, an Indian grows up on a reservation with little to no job opportunity. On top of that, reservations are subjected to commodity food; food hardly sufficient and plentiful enough to satisfy a human’s basic needs. All of these factors fill the lives on the reservation with despair, causing most Indians to indulge in alcohol, violence, and suicide. And so, hopelessness within modern Native Americans ultimately leads to sel f destructive behavior. Hopelessness eludes few Indians on the Spokanes Reservations, and Samuel Build-The-Fire profoundly exemplifies lost hope. Alexie asserts that when Builds-The-Fires was young, he was named Player of the Year and was interviewed by Walter Cronkite because of his significant basketball talent. Samuel became a hero because of his success, and his fellow tribe members wanted him to become more than just an average Indian on the reservation. Until, that is, Alexie describes that after a crooked basketball game with the Reservation’s white policeman, Samuel’s basketball ability was lost. This loss in Samuel’s life created a void, leaving him empty. After dragging his old, drunken, helpless father in from the lawn outside, Builds-The-Fire’s son, Thomas expresses that â€Å"His basketball days [are] over, he [doesn’t] have much else.† Finally, Samuel’s destructive behavior of being an alcoholic and a constant public disturbance articulates that he has no hope in life. Victor’s life reveals a life without family, education and income. Alexie explains that Victor watching his dead mother being stuffed into a trunk by his step-father invokes the start of Victor’s hopeless life. This depicts the sort of troubled life Victor has lived. The only spawn of hope Victor formulates is within his friendship with Junior; however, that hope soon dies as Alexie reveals that Junior committed suicide. In being too inept to  obtain a job due to his lack of education, Victor maintains a full-time career in being a hopeless drunk just like Samuel Builds-The-Fire. Alexie suggests nothing else is left for Victor to do in life except to be destructive. Alexie elucidates that Junior failed at being successful at life outside of the reservation and could not handle living with his failure so he committed suicide. In being one of the intelligent Indians on the Reservation, Junior sought a college education. Junior had hope that he could escape life on the Reservation. Nevertheless, he dropped out of college and fell in love with a white-woman named Lynn. Alexie discloses that Junior got Lynn pregnant and she rejected Junior as a suitable life partner and father to her child because Junior was Indian. These series of events made Junior feel not only very forlorn in general, but also ashamed to be an Indian. Alexie then conveys that Liz’s abortion of the baby evokes suicidal thoughts within Junior. In the end, Junior becomes so distraught with what has become of his life that he kills himself. The modern Native American has a life where there is no hope and a great amount of self destruction. Samuel, Victor, and Junior all had things that supplied them with some sort of hope. Samuel had basketball, Victor had Junior, and Junior had his own intelligence, but in the end each individual lost their source of hope. Alexie’s writing is a rare and honest interpretation of the many different factors and issues the modern Indian comes to terms with during the course of their life. The lack of hope within Native American Reservations is just one of many tribulations faced, but it produces some of the most self-destructive results.

The Things They Carried Rhetorical Analysis

The Things They Carried Prompt: How do the symbols, imagery, and anecdotes in The Things They Carried help to contribute to the meaning of the text? The Things They Carried, written by Tim O’Brien, recounts the horrible experiences of soldiers at war in Vietnam. Throughout the novel, the author not only tells war stories, but tales about his own life, often referencing and dwelling on those who have made an impact on his life. He stresses the importance of these people and stories, often referring to them as â€Å"war stories† although many of these are not true.They serve as an outlet for O’Brien, allowing him to let go of these horrible memories but also letting him keep the importance that they had on his life. These stories and messages are emphasized through the symbols displayed in the novel, the imagery used throughout, and the anecdotes that recount his memories. The symbols in The Things They Carried help to make the text more meaningful and further comm unicate the theme the novel displays. One of the symbols, the dead Vietnamese soldier, represents the horrors of war and what soldiers have to experience on the battlefield.Although it was never completely clarified whether O’Brien did or did not kill the man, the guilt he relays through the text shows that he does not want to be in war, but it is expected of him to kill others since he is involved. He does so to prevent scorn from society upon his return. The author copes with the death of the Vietnamese soldier as he does with others throughout the novel; he fantasizes about what kind of person the soldier was, what he did before the war, and what he will do after.He creates the soldier’s life in his mind, saying that â€Å"After his years at the university, the man I killed returned with his new wife to the village of My Khe, where he enlisted as a common rifleman with the 48th Vietcong Battalion† (O’Brien, 130). The man is a symbol of who the author h oped to be instead of who he was at war. The author himself was about to go to college, but was unable to do so in his life, so fabricated the soldier’s past to live out his dreams in a different manner.Even though he did not know the man, he still feels and remembers the loss like the soldier had a significant impact on his life. O’Brien keeps those that have passed on alive in his memory, and this is one of the many continuous themes of the novel. The uses of imagery throughout the novel help to bring more meaning and importance to the theme the novel holds. In many of the important events in the novel, imagery is utilized to stress the significance of the event. When Kiowa dies in the novel, the use of imagery shows the importance of Kiowa to the entire troop, and how his death happened.When describing his dead body, O’Brien includes the details that â€Å"A piece of his shoulder was missing; the arms and chest and face were cut up with shrapnel. He was cove red with a bluish green mud† (O’Brien, 175). This description of Kiowa’s dead and decomposing body helps to bring the reader into the war itself, and what the author was feeling at this point in his life. Not only does this imagery convey to the reader the condition of the body, but it also communicates the reality of war and the effect it has on the people involved.However, the author keeps Kiowa both alive through the text and in his memory, stating that a true war story is never completely true. This shows that although most of the novel is most likely fabricated and completely false, it still relates the general experience of the war and these experiences keep the war alive in the author’s memory. Many of the stories within The Things They Carried are short anecdotes, and they give examples of the war stories that O’Brien has both experienced and heard. These tales essentially make up the book, and thus are very important to the meaning of the n ovel.The author often recounts his experiences with those who have passed on even though these stories seem to have no relevance to the text itself. For instance, he remembers his first experience with love and loss on meeting Linda when he was in elementary school. â€Å"When I write about her now, three decades later, it’s tempting to dismiss it as a crush, an infatuation of the childhood, but I know for a fact that what for each other was as deep and rich as love can ever get†(O’Brien, 228). This love he felt for Linda was true, and even similar to the love he felt for many of the men in his troop.Even though O’Brien has not seen Linda or heard of her for three decades, she is immortalized within his memory, and as a result, he thinks about her often, as he does with other deceased characters in the book, such as Kurt Lemon and Kiowa. This memory of Linda shows that the book was not written only to recount his experience in the war, but to also remembe r those who have passed on through the text, and this shows that even when people die, they are never truly forgotten. The symbols, imagery, and anecdotes used throughout the text help to prove that no one single person is every truly gone from someone’s memory, and every memory has an mpact on one’s life. O’Brien uses symbolism to refer to the war at many points, and his memory of the man showed who he wished he was rather than what he really became. The symbolism used when describing Kiowa’s death shows the horror and reality of war, and well as the immortalization of people in the author’s memory. O’Brien’s anecdote involving Linda and his first experience with love shows this remembrance of the dead as well. This anecdote, along with others, brings more meaning to the story. These messages involved in the book help to bring more meaning and importance to the text, and help to leave an impact on the reader’s life.

Botox injection for cometic use Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Botox injection for cometic use - Essay Example Botulinum toxin,popularly known by its trade name Botox, is a protein and neurotoxin developed by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.Botox is used for several medical as well as cosmetic procedures. Today, Botox injection that consists of a small dose of botulinum toxin is used for a variety of cosmetic applications. Botox injection is widely used to paralyze facial muscles for the purpose of preventing the development of wrinkles According to a report published by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Botox based cosmetic operation was most common in the US with 4.6 million procedures as of 2007 (Botox, n. d.). Although side effects of the Botox injection’s many cosmetic applications are still debated, the use of Botox injection for cosmetic purposes has been increasing steadily. This paper will explore the potentiality of the Botox injection in cosmetic applications using the Porter’s Five Forces Model concept. Five forces Forces driving service area competition Conclusion Intensity of rivalry Allergan Inc and Medicis are the two main companies involved in the distribution of Botox in the US. Botox injections are sold across the world despite geographic differences or medical culture. Data indicate that Botox injection was used in nearly 4.6 cosmetic operation procedures in the US as of 2007. The same trend can be seen through the global nations, particularly developed nations. Over the last few years, a growing beauty conscious culture in the Europe assisted the Botox market to achieve tremendous growth rate despite the worse effects of the sovereign debt crisis. It is interesting to note that the Botox achieved a fabulous growth rate when many other leading drugs and pharmaceutical products failed to even maintain their growth levels. Market experts anticipate that Botox sales would continue to grow because of the product’s rapid effects and growing concerns over appearance. Online market for Botox has also been performing well ove r the last few years. Since it is very easy to purchase Botox products from any parts of the globe using internet, today Botox manufactures focus more on the online sector. In the United Kingdom (as cited in Qureshi, 2009), Botox clinics generally charge from ?110 to ?400 an injection. For beauty conscious Europeans, it is not a huge price. Hence, the sales (both physical and online) of Botox injections are likely to grow over the coming years unless there is no effective alternative developed. High While analyzing the Botox market worldwide, it is obvious that competition in the Botox market continues to grow despite the recent global economic slowdown. Rivalry is likely to remain intense in the Botox market as there is no effective alternative to Botox injection yet. Threat of new entrants Although Botox injections are very well known for their cosmetic uses, only a few of the cosmetic applications of the Botox have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The FDA is still researching short term as well as long term side effects of Botox injection’s cosmetic use. The two major Botox distributors in US, Allergan Inc. and Medicis have been constantly in the new as a result of their involvement with Botox products. In 2008, Botox users filed a lawsuit against the Allergan Inc. arguing that the organization had not properly communicated the dangers of Botox injections to users. The lawsuit mainly resulted from a woman’s death as a result of use of Botox for cosmetic reasons. Subsequently, public interest group including Public Citizen complained against the Botox products for their life threatening complications. As a result, FDA required the Botox distributors to issue black box warning (it is the strongest safety measure taken by the FDA) for all Botox products. Hence, these legal complexities associated with Botox injection distribution would persuade new marketers not to enter this business field. Similarly,

American Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Dance - Essay Example American theatrical dance has expanded through a progression of generations numerous build on the work, thus creating a pedigree marked by innovation. This form of dance cannot be neatly defined. It is a form of style of American modern dance evolving through quest of discoveries and shares the communicative potential of human association. In true sense American theatrical dance comprises of Broadway, modern and ballet forms of dancing style. These forms of dance depict the economic and cultural changes happening in the society. From time to time they have enacted on issues of social significance and always conveyed some messages to the audience through their theatrical dance performances. These dancing form pioneered dance in bare foot and elegant costumes. They portray a form of social affirmation and were means of expressing nation’s and society’s power (Brown). The society values theatrical dance as a communicative and bonding experience forming a well-developed str ucture of communication. This essay will focus on the two forms of American modern dance that is Broadway and Ballet, and how are they different to each other. Broadway Theatrical Dance: Broadway dance forms a part of the modern American theatrical dance. It can be classified as an incorporation of jazz and modern style accompanied with theater and music. At the beginning of the Broadway dance people were tricked and amazed by the concepts of Broadway Theater as this pioneered a dancing form with play’s plot. Initially Broadway was not taken as a serious theatrical dance. People were uncertain about the entire structure of the dance form. But later it evolved as a dance form which had a social message for the society. Soon after, Broadway started gaining popularity amongst the audience as fusion of jazz and modern art dance. This form of theatrical dance was incorporated with exceptional movement and unconventional use of body parts. The entire act was supported by the usage of props, integration of personalities, storytelling of a incident. The entire performance was choreographed and presented through lucid expressions. The entire performances take place with music playing backstage. The music is played as per the theme of the subject matter of the performance. With changing time span Broadway musical took off. It popularity enhanced day by day and gained recognition as an artistic form of theater. Broadway dance form exerted profound influence in the New York life tradition and culture. Their themes were realistic with a touch of whimsical feel. As per the critics it attracted the serious theater goers who were deeply moved by the socio-economical concerns of the society. During its early stage the middle class New Yorkers used to be its target audience. Their theme appealed to them to a great extends. Broadway theatrical evolved as an assembly of multidimensional talents. It consisted of a group of singers, dancers, actors, musicians who emerged as celebrities. Famous Broadway personalities included Anna held, Lillian Russell, Marilyn Miller, DeWolf Hoppe, Ray Bolger etc. These eminent personalities had been a part of this theatrical dance from time to time. Robert Alton had been a choreographer of this dance form who brought out the first modern dances closely related to many dance performances in New York stage today. Nowadays dance performances have become dominated in the Broadway theatrica

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Portfolio - Essay Example The graduate employers find it hard to fill up the vacancies in spite of receiving innumerable applicants because of the shortage of good quality graduates. It is now utmost important for the applicant to consider what constitute the good quality graduates. However, there has been a shift in the preferences and expectations of the employer when it comes to graduates and the skills that they suppose them to possess. The organisations prefer to have people with firm or industry specific knowledge (Scribd, n.d.). Preferred Job Area After completion of my graduation, I wish to work as a ‘Human Resource Officer’. The respective field has been chosen as I have always been interested in the Human Resource related activities. The task of the human resource officer is to provide advice and implement policies that relates to the effective use of the personnel within the organisation. The main aim of the human resource officer is to ensure that the organisation employs right balanc e of the staffs according to their knowledge and skills. They also need to check if the training and development opportunities are made available to the employees in order to enhance their performances. The human resource officer needs to have a clear understanding of what the objective of the employers business is and they must be able to make and implement the policies that helps to select, develop as well as retain the correct staff which is required to meet these objectives. There has been change in the character of the HR professionals. The nature of the work of the human resource profession varies according to the organisation. However, it is likely to include working in tandem with the departments, liaising with the wide range of people that is involved in the policy areas such as staff performance, their health and safety, negotiating with the staffs and their representatives on matters related to the pay and condition, administering the payroll and the maintenance of the em ployee record (Prospects, 2010). Various organisations offers HR Officers job in the UK. Few of them are United Response, Huntress Search Limited and Candidate Source Limited (Monster, 2010). United Response is a charity that works across England and Wales. It caters support to the people who have various disabilities (United Response, 2010). The recruitment process of the United Response is quite simple. The candidate needs to register online. The candidate will be required to answer few simple questions and then they can either qualify for an interview on the day of recruitment or on some other day (United Response, 2010). Huntress is one of the most creative, active and rapidly growing recruitment groups. It is a multi award wining company having 18 centres in the UK. It is soon going to expand its operation both internationally and domestically (Huntress Commercial, n.d.). The company requires that the candidate should have certain kind of generalist HR experience and must be ab le to deal with various kinds of HR issues (Monster, n.d.). Networx is another famous company based in the UK, Leicestershire. The company work together with the clients and the candidates and tries to deliver a qualitative professional service that not only focus upon the time and the cost efficiency, but also put stress upon the