Determination of a Rate Law Lab Report

Determination of a Rate Law Megan Gilleland 10. 11. 2012 Dr. Charles J. Horn Abstract: This two part experiment is designed to determine the rate law of the following reaction, 2I-(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 2H+I2(aq) + 2H2O(L), and to then determine if a change in temperature has an effect on that rate of this reaction. It was found that the reaction rate=k[I-]^1[H2O2+]^1, and the experimental activation energy is 60. 62 KJ/mol. Introduction The rate of a chemical reaction often depends on reactant concentrations, temperature, and if there’s presence of a catalyst.The rate of reaction for this experiment can be determined by analyzing the amount of iodine (I2) formed. Two chemical reactions are useful to determining the amount of iodine is produced. 1) I2(aq) + 2S2O32-(aq) 2I-(aq)+S4O62-(aq) 2) I2(aq) + starch Reaction 2 is used only to determine when the production of iodine is occurring by turning a clear colorless solution to a blue color. Without this reaction it would be very diff icult to determine how much iodine is being produced, due to how quickly thiosulfate and iodine react. Related article: Measuring Reaction Rate Using Volume of Gas Produced Lab AnswersHowever this reaction does not determine the amount of iodine produced, it only determines when/if iodine is present in solution. Reaction 1 is used to determine how much iodine is produced. To understand how the rate constant (k) is temperature dependent, another set of data is recorded in week two’s experiment using six trials and three different temperatures(two trials per temperature change). Using the graph of this data we determine the energy required to bend of stretch the reactant molecules to the point where bonds can break or form, and then assemble products (Activation Energy, Ea).Methods To perform the experiment for week 1, we first prepare two solutions, A and B, as shown in the data. After preparing the mixtures, we mix them together in a flask and carefully observe the solution, while timing, to see how long it takes for the solution to change from clear to blue. We use this method for all 5 trials, and record the time it takes to change color, indicating the reaction has taken place fully. This data is used to find p (trials1-3) and q (trials3-5), to use in our rate law. This experiment concluded that both p and q are first order.The rate constant average of all five trials is used as just one point on the Arrhenius Plot. In week 2, we perform the experiment to test the relation of temperature to the rate of reaction. We start by again, preparing six solutions. We prepared two trials/solutions at 0 degrees Celsius, two and 40 degrees Celsius, and two at 30 degrees Celsius. Again, for each trial we mixed solution A with B, and carefully timed the reaction to look for a color change that indicates the reaction is complete. The interpretation of this data indicated out results of whether temperature has an effect on the rate of this reaction.Results- It is determined that the rate of reaction is dependent on the temperature in which the reaction occurs. The sol utions observed at 40 degrees Celsius reacted at a quicker rate, than those at lesser temperatures, in a linear manor. Data Week 1 Table 1: Solution Concentrations Week 1- Room Temperature trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | | | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume(mL)| | 1| 5. 01| 2. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 21. 68| 6. 0| 585| 40. 01| | | 2| 5. 0| 4. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 19. 60| 6. 0| 287| 40. 00| | | 3| 5. 2| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 17. 60| 6. 0| 131| 40. 02| | | 4| 5. 0| 6. 0| 0. 4| 5. 0| 13. 62| 10. 0| 114| 40. 02| | | 5| 5. 0| 6. 02| 0. 4| 5. 0| 9. 60| 14. 0| 80| 40. 02| | | Calculations Week 1 1. Find the moles of S2O3-2 Take the value from NaS2O3 *(0. 2)/1000 (5)*(0. 2)/1000= 0. 001 mol of S2O32- 2. Find moles of I2 Take S2O32- /2 (0. 001)/2=0. 0005mol 3. Find I2 Mol I2*1000/vol mL (0. 0005)*1000/40)= 0. 000799885 mol 4. Find the rate of change Take (I2)/ (seconds) (0. 000799885)/(585)= 1. 36732Ãâ€"10-6 M/s 5. Find [I-]0 (0. 300 M KI )*(2. 00mL)/( the final volume)=0. 015 M 6.Find the Ln of [I-]0 Ln(0. 015)=-4. 19970508 7. Find [H2O2]0 Take (0. 10 M H2O2)*(6. 00mL)/ ( final volume)=0. 015 M 8. Ln of [H2O2]0 Ln(0. 015)= -4. 19970508 9. Find the Ln of rate: Ln(2. 13675Ãâ€"10-5)=-10. 753638 10. The last step for week one calculations is to calculate the average value of k. Rate= k [I-]1[H2O2]. (2. 13675*10-5 ) = k [0. 015] [0. 015] then solve for k. For this trial, k=0. 09497. This is then done for all trials. Then, once all five values of k are found, the average is taken by adding all five values of k and dividing by 5. The experimental k average is 0. 05894M/s. Table 2: Calculations Week 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | solution#| mol s2O3-2| mol I2| I2| (rate) changeI2/change in temp| [I-]o| ln[I-]o| [H2O2]0| ln[H2O2]o| ln rate| k | | 1| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 2. 13675E-05| 0. 015| -4. 19970| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10. 753| 0. 0949| | 2| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 4. 3554E-05| 0. 030| -3. 50655| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -10 . 041| 0. 0967| | 3| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 9. 54198E-05| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 015| -4. 19971| -9. 2572| 0. 1413| | 4| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 000109649| 0. 045| -3. 10109| 0. 025| -3. 68888| -9. 1182| 0. 974| | 5| 0. 001| 0. 0005| 0. 0125| 0. 00015625| 0. 045| -3. 09776| 0. 035| -3. 35241| -8. 7640| 0. 0988| | | | | | | | | | | k avg| 0. 1059| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Data Week 2 Table 3: Solution Concentrations Week 2- Varied Temperatures trial #| solution A| | | | | Solution B| | | Temp(C)| | | buffer| 0. 3MKI| starch| 0. 02MNa2S2O3| Distilled water| 0. 1MH2O2| time(s)| total volume (mL)| | 1| 5. 00| 6. 01| 0. 42| 5. 00| 13. 60| 10. 00| 692| 40. 03| 1. 0| | 2| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 9. 60| 14. 00| 522| 40. 00| 1. 0| | 3| 5. 00| 2. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 21. 0| 6. 00| 152| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 4| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 19. 60| 6. 00| 97| 40. 02| 40. 0| | 5| 5. 00| 6. 00| 0. 40| 5. 02| 17. 60| 6. 00| 110| 40. 02| 30. 0| | 6| 5. 00| 4. 00| 0. 40| 5. 00| 19. 60| 6. 00| 137 | 40. 00| 30. 0| | Calculations Week 2 1) Find amount of I2 moles produced in the main reaction using Volume of Na2SO4 used, stock concentration of Na2SO4 solution, and the Stoichiometry (2mol Na2SO4 to 1 mol I2) for all six trials. Trial 1: (. 005 L Na2SO4)(. 02 moles Na2SO4/1. 0L)(1 mol I2/2 mol Na2SO4)= . 00005 mol I2 Use this method for all six trials ) Find the reaction rate using moles of I2 produced, measured time in seconds, and Volume of total solution for all six trials Trial 1: (. 00005 mol I2/. 0403L)=(. 00124906 mol/L) /(692seconds)= . 00000181mol/L(s) Use this method for all six trials 3) Find the rate constant using the reaction rate, measured volumes used, stock concentrations, and the rate law of the main reaction. Trial 1: K=(. 00000181MOL/L(s))/((. 01 L H2O2)(. 1 M H2O2)/. 0403L total))((. 3MKI)(. 006LKI)/. 0403L total)=. 00107 Use this method for all six trials 4) To graph, we must calculate Ln(k) and 1/Temp(K) for each individual trial.Trial 1: Ln(. 00107)=-6. 8 401 and 1/T = 1/692sec=-. 00365k^-1 Use calculation method 1-4 for all six trials Table 4: Calculations Week 2 solution#| mol I2| Rate (change I/change in time)| K (min-1)| Ln k| Temp (K)| 1/T (k-1)| 1| . 00005| . 00000181| . 00107| -6. 8401| 274| . 00365| 2| . 0000502| . 00000240| . 00152| -6. 48904| 274| . 00365| 3| . 0000502| . 00000825| . 0370| -3. 29684| 313| . 00319| 4| . 0000502| . 0000129| . 0290| -3. 54046| 313| . 00319| 5| . 0000502| . 0000114| . 0171| -4. 06868| 303| . 00330| 6 | . 00005| . 00000912| . 0203| -3. 89713| 303| . 0330| From the graph, we see that the slope is -7291. To Find the Activation Energy we multiply by the rate constant of 8. 314J/mol(K), which equals -60617. 4 J/mol. We then convert this value to kilojoules by dividing by 1000, equaling 60. 62 kJ/mol. Analysis uncertainty- Due to the limit of significant figures in stock solutions used, the resulting data is limited in correctness. Also, temperature fluctuations during the experiment by even a half d egree would obscure the data of the exact rate constant, k. One of our R^2 coefficients for the experiment was in fact greater than 0. , and the other slightly less than 0. 9 meaning the one lesser is not considered a good fit. The deviation in goodness of fit may have been due to our data recording. Discussion- Determination of the rate law and activation energy of a chemical reaction requires a few steps. By varying the concentrations of reactants it was determined that the reaction is first order with respect to both [I-] and [H2O2+]. Measuring the reaction rate at multiple temperatures allows calculation of the activation energy of the process, in this case the activation energy of the reaction is found to be 60. 2 kJ/mol. As you have seen through all the previous data, charts and graphs, this exothermic rate of a reaction is dependent on solution concentrations, a catalyst, and temperature. References 1 Determination of a Rate Law lab document, pages 1-6, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012. 2 Temperature Dependence of a Rate Constant lab document, pages 1-3, Mesa Community College CHM152LL website, www. physci. mc. maricopa. edu/Chemistry/CHM152, accessed 10/9/2012.

Act of Kindness

Helping out with everything around the house and my ill little brother is the biggest act of kindness I would think I have done. It is also my responsibility so be aware of the situation my family is in and to try and help out. My father as a farmer he works long hours in the hot sun, that is during summer, and cold days in the winter. My mother only works during the summer, as a farmer as well that is, I know the hardest season but it’s well paid for us mid-class citizens.I know how hard it is to work in the fields, since I have worked with my parents before. Working as a farmer is very hard work, dealing with the sun is not fun, but we all need to find a way to make money and maintain our home. I always try to help out with the house chores, and help my parents out a little. Wouldn’t you, do the same? Seeing my mother stresses because bills can’t be paid, and my father coming from work exhausted, I always do my best to make them be conferrable at home. I have f ood for my father when he comes from work, I clean do laundry.I try to not cause my mother anymore stresses, by trying to be a good daughter that one day she’ll be proud of. I help out my mother with my younger brother who suffers from muscular dystrophy. He is 15 years old, and now that he is older his muscles are getting weaker and his ability to walk long distances are just decreasing. I help him sidewalk is a big step, and he is always afraid he will fall so he needs our motivation and I try to be there for him. Making him laugh spending time with him it all helps out.Now that he can’t really get out and go to the park he needs company and I’m always there with him, when my parents are just too busy. I have had 4 older brothers pass away from muscular dystrophy, I’m pretty sure that’s a lot for a mother to go thru. So I’m always one step ahead of my mother and helping with everything. We all can help out and be kind. It’s not so m uch about being kind, but being humane and taking responsibilities. Helping the homeless by giving them a sub that one day, you might have saved them from starving.I’m just trying to say that any little act of kindness can go a long way and make a big difference. It is not that difficult to state a straightforward ‘thank you', and even it can genuinely alter the prospect of somebody else's day. My older brother, Arnold, once said to me that, â€Å"It acquires more power to glare than to smile. † I've acknowledged that only by behaving respectfully with the citizens around, you are able to genuinely create the more positive ambiance around you. Act of Kindness reallyThis is a story on an act of kindness I did for this girl I didnt know to well. One day as I was walking home from my old school I saw this girl, she looked like a complete nerd someone I wouldn't normally talk to. She was walking home looking really sad, kind of like she had no one to talk to. I walked over to her and introduced myself and she also told me who she was; she said her name is Abby. She was carrying books in her hands and it looked heavy I asked her if I could help. She nodded and told me I was more then welcome.I walked her home that day. I asked her if she would like to hang out sometime to call me and gave her my number, a few weeks later we were best friends. Months down the road she found out she was pregnant, this took me by surprise since I didnt even know she was dating anyone. The guy who got her pregnant walked out and hardly never came around. I could tell by the look on Abby's face that she was pretty scared. I told her no mater what ill always be ther e for her if she ever needed anything.The hardest part for her was to tell her parents she was pregnant. Her parents are the strick ones, that go to church every sunday and doesnt allow their daughter to have a boyfriend or anything. So trying to explain to her parents that she had got a boyfriend and had sexual intercorse with him behind there backs was going to be a tough situation. She didnt tell anyone for three months that she was pregnant,but it got down to where she had to say something since she was starting to show.Abby asked me if i could be there with her when she telled her parents on Thursday; I told her i could and that id be there Thursday at four o'clock. Thursday came and I went to her house and as soon as she anwsered the door she started freaking out with panic. I told her to calm down everything will be fine and that if she wants me to tell her parents i would. She appreciated it and told me to tell her parents for her. As we started walking closer to her parents I told them that Abby had something she wanted to tell them.Her parents started getting worried and asked what this was about. I then told her parents that she was scared to tell them about hows shes pregnant. Ive never seen anyones face look so furious in my entire life, They asked me to leave so they could talk as a family. Later that next week Abby's parents called me and asked me to come over for dinner and talk with them about something. I agreed and told them id be there shortly. As I rushed to get dressed all I could think about was what they wanted to talk to me about, I began to get nervous.As I arrived and walked to the door my stomach dropped and then i knocked on the door. Abby's parents answered the door and we sat down to eat. After we got done eating Abby's mom started to tell me how when i met Abby, abby wasnt in the best state of mind. I told them how i already knew and how i talked her out of a bunch of things before and they thanked me. They both thanked me for b eing such a great friend to Abby, and to this day I help take care of Abby's daughter.

America’s Global War on Terrorism Essay

At 8:46 am, on September 11, 2001, the world would take witness to an event that would change it forever. Five hijackers, with the support of a terrorist group named Al Qaeda, crashed a passenger jet into World Trade Center Tower 1, and seventeen minutes later a second passenger jet was crashed into World Trade Center Tower 2. Now, everyone can remember exactly where they were when they received the news of the attack, but, what most American’s didn’t realize is that these events would lead to the majority of the world into war. This was the first time that the United States would participate in a war against and idea, terrorism, and not a declaration of war against a country itself. In every war that the United States had been involved in, they had been faced against an enemy in the form of a country. Whether it was Spain, Mexico, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, or even against itself, the United States always had a target. These â€Å"targets† usually had a uniform; they were also in support of a dictator, king, or even a tyrant. But with the War on Terror, the United States and its allied NATO Nations were not taking actions against a country; they were taking actions against an ideology that had affected the entire planet. The route of this ideology can be traced back to one man, Osama bin Laden. Osama bin Laden, with the help of the United States, forced an invading Soviet Russia out of the country of Afghanistan in the 1980’s. Then, with the support of a radical Islamic state, and the formation of a radical group calling themself al-Qaeda, he declared war on the United States in 1996 (Lansford, Watson & Covarrubias, 2009). Bin Laden was quoted saying, â€Å"If the instigation for jihad against the Jews and the Americans†¦is considered a crime, then let history be a witness that I am a criminal (Lansford, Watson & Covarrubias, 2009).† With this foundation of hatred towards Western influence in the modern world, Osama bin Laden and his radical group al-Qaeda instigated a War against the world. The group al-Qaeda has taken responsibility of many terrorist attacks against the United States and its allied countries. From the World Trade Center attacks of 2001, to the Spain subway bombings of 2004, al-Qaeda has been at the center of these terrorist attacks. Unfortunately, unlike most wars declared against a country, al-Qaeda has roots in many countries. They’ve been linked to attacks in: Africa, Europe, North America; are believed to have ties to other terrorist cells like the Taliban, and the Revolutionary Armed Forced of Colombia; and are known to have cells based in Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (Lansford, Watson & Covarrubias, 2009). Former President George Bush described al-Qaeda as â€Å"a fringe form of Islamic extremism that has been rejected by Muslim scholars and the vast majority of Muslim clerics; a fringe movement that perverts the peaceful teachings of Islam (Holloway, 2008).† This declared War on Terror was against terrorist groups, like al-Qaeda , but many did believe that the Former President had a hidden agenda. With the attacks of September 11th, a new foreign policy known as, â€Å"Bush Doctrine,† was implemented by the Bush administration. The â€Å"Bush Doctrine,† which the Bush administration rarely ever called its new foreign policy was based around four ideas: to make no distinction between terrorist and the countries harboring them, take the fight to enemies overseas before they can attack the United States, confront threats before they become threats, and promote democracy instead of terrorist ideology (Holloway, 2008). At the beginning of the war, the American people being full of patriotism and wanting revenge for the 9/11 attacks were in 100% agreement with this policy, but as time passed and the years that this â€Å"war† has gone on, more and more are in less support and just want the United States military to be brought home. Towards the end of President Bush’s second term, he began to be under constant attack due to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan. He was accused of invading Iraq under false pretenses of: weapons of mass destruction, and a direct influence of 9/11 by Saddam Hussein’s regime (Holloway, 2008), a plateau that our current President, Barack Obama, used to his advantage during his initial campaign. Yet, even though Former President Bush was attacked and scrutinized about his policies, he stood by his initial belief that his â€Å"Global War on Terror† was against an ideology, and not a certain country. Whether or not the current 10-year war was actually waged against Osama Bin Laden, Saddam Hussein, Muammar al-Gaddafi, or any other tyrant is truly unknown, and if the September 9/11 attacks were hoaxed and just a coercion for the American people to be tricked into war, who knows. What can be known is this; the War on Terror is the first time that the United States has declared war on an idea, a way of life, and not against a country of its own, and because of this, the true length of this war has the ability to last forever. Holloway, D. (2008). 9/11 and the war on terror [electronic resource] / david holloway . Edinburg University Press. Lansford, T., Watson, R., & Covarrubias, J. (2009).America’s war on terror [electronic resource] / by tom lansford, robert p. watson and jack covarrubias. (2nd ed.). Burlington, VT: Ashgate.

FNP questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Routine CT scanning protocols Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Routine CT scanning protocols - Essay Example The protocols given below are used in the Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging in king Abdul Aziz Hospital (KAH) in Saudi and in Sir Charles Gardean Hospital (SCGH) in Perth, WA. A 64-slice Siemens multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) was recently introduced in KAH and is used for all CT procedures, including routine procedures. SCGH also has a 64-slice GE, which is used for all CT procedures. In any x-ray system, the energy of the x-ray beam depends on its tube potential (kVp). Changes in kVp results in changes in radiation dose, image noise and image contrast. Radiation dose can be reduced up to 30% if kVp is reduced from 120 to 100. In addition, lowering the kVp to 100 during CTA for PE improves visualization of sub segmental arteries (Kubo et al 2008). A study by Hausleiter et al 2006, showed that in a 64-slice CT cardiac procedure, a 100 kV protocol used instead of a 120 kV protocol along with an ECG gated technique, resulted in a 64% reduction in the effective dose. In liver imaging, 120 kVp is suitable and usually preferred than 140 kVp in order to reduce patient dose. Although it is said that that by reducing the kVp the image noise increases, the process leads to the improvement of tissue contrast (Laghi 2007). Kim et al 2009,  in their study, aimed to assess the effect on image quality and radiation dose with low-kilovoltage protocols by chest multidetector computed tomography (CT) examinations in adults.   The study included 210 patients (83 women and 127 men with a mean age of 56.1 years). These patients were randomly assigned to one of three protocol groups: (1) protocol A (the standard protocol) with 120 kilovolt (peak) (kV[p]) and 100 effective milliampere-second (eff mA s); (2) protocol B, with 100 kV (p) and 140 eff mA s; and (3) protocol C, with 80 kV(p) and 180 eff mA s. Each group had 70 patients. A marginal

Effects of smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Effects of smoking - Essay Example The doctors of today are more conversant with the effects of smoking more than ever before. Cigarettes and tobaccos have high concentrations of nicotine. They have over 4000 chemicals, which are harmful to one’s body. One of the fatal cases recorded is lung cancer. In fact, over ninety percent of all cases of lungs complications are blamed on smoking. Heavy smokers are the most affected and end up contracting chronic cancer, which is difficult to treat, not to mention the medical expenses inherent. In addition, smokers are more likely to develop laryngeal cancer as compared to nonsmokers (Hanson, et al, 2006). In recent years, cases of heart diseases have been on the increase and according to research; smoking is a major contributor to the defect in question. Similarly, high blood pressure is common among smokers since cigarettes lead to increased heart rate by a good percentage. On the other hand, blood flow to body extremities including fingers and toes is reduced greatly, a condition that many people have ignored. The implications of these conditions may not be felt immediately but they may surface at a later stage, making treatment quite a task (Institute of medicine, 2010). We cannot talk about smoking effects without mentioning respiratory complications. These account for a large number of deaths every year. Statistics show that most of respiratory conditions have been associated with smokers than with non-smokers. Other effects associated with smoking include chronic coughing, impotence among men, shortness of breath, reduced fitness, early wrinkles formation, loss of appetite, among others (Owing, 2005). One of the most disturbing issues on smoking is that it affects even non-smokers. Second hand smoke is detrimental and has same implications as those of real smokers. Similarly, in pregnant women, cigarettes’ smoke may complicate the growth of the baby in the womb. Stillbirth, premature

The Free Movement of Goods Within The European Union Essay

The Free Movement of Goods Within The European Union - Essay Example The framework of the EC Treaty encompasses a free and open market among the Member States. Articles 23-31 which is headed ‘Free Movement of Goods’ is designed to promote this concept. Article 23 provides for the exemption of customs duties on all imports and exports throughout the Member States. Article 28 forbids the implementation of ‘Quantitative restrictions on imports and all measures having equivalent effect †¦between the Member States.’ Article 29 makes the same provision in respect of exports. Article 30 provides that †¦Articles 28 and 29 shall not preclude prohibitions or restrictions on imports, exports or goods in transit justified on grounds of public morality, public policy or public security; the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants; the protection of national treasures possessing artistic; or the protection of industrial and commercial property. Such prohibitions or restrictions shall not, however, constitute a means of arbitrary discrimination or a disguised restriction on trade between the Member States. It is against this background that the Netherlands may pursue an action against the UK. The position taken by the UK authorities in relation to the lifting of the poultry ban on the Netherlands is a contravention of the spirit of free and open trade within the European Community. The European Community has set as its goal the facilitation of a free enterprise market while simultaneously protecting the consumer interest within the Member States.

The impact and regulation of the Companies Law Act 2006 Essay

The impact and regulation of the Companies Law Act 2006 - Essay Example 182). This was almost definitely an aspiration of the Company Law Review Steering Group who stated the basis of the Bill to be a â€Å"simple, efficient and cost effective framework for carrying out business activity† (CLRSG Final Report 2001, App. A). It seems that the main aim was to maintain a balance between assigning much wanted freedom to companies while at the same time being able to effectively protect their interests. The task of redefining this intertwined web of principles and legal decisions would be no easy feat, however. Indeed, it could be suggested that to provide freedom for companies whilst ensuring their protection is to reconcile factors at the opposite ends of a scale. It has been suggested that â€Å"flexibility encourages tinkering which increases the complexity facing those setting up and running companies† (Alcock 2006, p. 243). This arguably creates the potential for the need to increase court intervention to ease the complexity and the problem s it can cause. With flexibility follows abstract language and with abstract language follows the need for deliberation. Could it be that the drafters of the Bill were slightly ambitious in their aspirations? The most drastic changes made by the Companies Act 2006 have been in the area of directors’ duties. The Reform Bill (Company Law Reform Bill 2005) recognised that the case law within this area is random and complicated making it difficult for directors to ascertain exactly what their duties entail. Thus the most pressing issue was acknowledged as the need to make duties more comprehensible and consistent, thus reducing the occurrences of fraud. The Bill (CLRB 2005, Ch. 3) recognised that the duties are a fundamental basis of company law and thus that there was a need to codify them. It could ne suggested that this is not the exact outcome of the reform. The need to refrain from imposing â€Å"impractical

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit Essay

English Legal System - Court Observation Visit - Essay Example Courts play a vital role in ensuring that justice prevails at all levels of the nation. There are various types of courts that a state installs, each of which is charged with specific duties and responsibilities in line with its jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Justice in England is a specific law enforcing unit in the country. Dispute resolution in relation to high end cases is the sole role of the court. Cases dealt with by the court are referred to it as the court of last resort. Among all appeal courts in the United Kingdom, the Supreme Court of Justice is the highest. Middlesex Guildhall, Westminster is the location where the Supreme Court in England is situated. The building that houses the court is on the opposite side of the Houses of Parliament. The location was agreed upon after intensive deliberations that finally concluded that the court’s current location was informed by United Kingdom’s constitutional change. Court Visited and Observed The court observat ion visit took place in England, with the court visited being the Supreme Court of Justice in England. The visit took place on the 18th of June, 2012. Specifically the observation took place in court 1, from 10:30 am. Proceedings in the Court At the time of the visit, the case that was being handled was KM (Zimbabwe) (FC) (Appellant) v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Respondent) (Elliot, 2009, p.36). The case had been previously determined but KM went ahead to appeal following his dissatisfaction with the previously passed judgement. KM was seeking asylum in the United Kingdom1. He is a Zimbabwean citizen, aged 54 years. His primary reason to seek for asylum followed the belief that he would be persecuted upon going back to his home country since he had failed to be loyal to Mugabe’s regime. His claim had been previously refused, thereby being required to return to his country. Although he appealed to the decision that required him to leave the United Kingdom, the tribunal that was hearing the case dismissed the appeal. This was in the year 2009; six years after KM entered the United Kingdom. The court proceedings on the 18th of June, 2012 accounted for the above, with the Supreme Court of Justice hearing KM’s appeal following the asylum denial. The Secretary of State representing the United Kingdom’s Home Department was accounting for KM’s stay in the United Kingdom. He had been previously required to leave the United Kingdom for up to six months, with an allowance to re-enter as a visitor (Zander, 2007, p.89). KM’s claims were regarded vague and without critical evidence. The appellate court, however, did not rule out the possibility of underlying risks to KM given the fact that his son had successfully been granted asylum in the United Kingdom. The Supreme Court made considerations to have the case remitted to the tribunal for critical evaluation and assessment of KM’s case with regard how credible his a rgument was in the filed appeal. Parties Involved A number of parties were involved in the case. The first party was the appellant. The appellant in this case is KM. On the other hand there is the respondent. The Secretary of State for the Home Department of the United Kingdom (Bailey, Ching and Taylor, 2007, p.47) was the respondent, and the second party. The third party was the jury and the legal system in the United Kingdom. The case was based on some operational immigration laws that are enforced by the United

Vocabulary and semantics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Vocabulary and semantics - Essay Example Hence the phrase, flea market Today, the term is used to describe rent spaces for traders dealing in used goods that are of low quality and at low prices. Morphology Morphology is the study of word structure. Morphology is the process of identifying, analyzing and describing the structures of a language’s morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, parts of speech and intonation or stress. The term â€Å"flea market† is made up of two words; flea and market, which are the morphemes to this phrase. A morpheme is the smallest single unit in the grammar of a language and its study is called morphology. A morpheme may not be a word as a morpheme has to stand on its own. There are free and bound morphemes. A free morpheme is a single unit that stands on its own and has meaning, whereas a bound morpheme appear as only parts of words, always supported by the root or by another bound morpheme. The term â€Å"flea market† is made up of two free morphemes as the word â€Å"flea† can stand on its own and still have meaning and also the word â€Å"market† has meaning on its own. ... The phrase â€Å"flea market† can also be thought to be a place inhabited by dirty traders. A collocation is a sequence of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance (Durkin, 2009). A collocation can be said to be two or more words that often go together, and may sound correct to a native speaker but be unnatural and sound wrong. The term â€Å"flea market† sounds correct to a native speaker but may be very disturbing to a person, who is just learning the language, as that a person can loosely interpret it to be a place where fleas are sold. Semantic relationships Semantics is the study of meanings; the phrase â€Å"flea market† can be taken literally to mean a place where fleas are sold, or we can take the meaning where it denotes a place where second-hand items are sold. There are different semantic relationship types, and they include; Synonyms Synonyms are words that mean exactly the same. According to the Macmillan dictionary, t he term â€Å"flea† is synonymous to aphid, beetle and black widow, as all are types of insects (Hurford, 1996). The term â€Å"market† is synonymous to shop, as both are places where goods are traded. The phrase â€Å"flea market† is synonymous to yard sale. Antonyms Antonyms are words pairs whose meanings are opposite and lie in a continuous spectrum. The term â€Å"flea† has no antonym as there are so many things and animals that are opposites of insects. The term â€Å"market† is also broad as it involved buying and selling which are opposites of each other. As a modern place of trade dealing in mostly new items, a mall can be used as an antonym to a flea market. Pragmatic usage Pragmatics is a minor field of linguistics and studies ways how context contributes to the

Roman Sculpture Essay Example for Free

Roman Sculpture Essay Roman sculpture effects life and plays an important role in Ancient Rome, Julius Caesar, and modern-day society. Statues were an important and influential part of art and architecture in roman culture. Although, most of roman art and architecture came from Greek culture and habits, most people today think of the statues and sculptural techniques as roman. Ancient Rome used statues as ceremonial pieces, public gathering places, frivolous beautifying accessories in public areas, and honorable tributes to the rich or important people of the time. The Romans particularly like statues of gods, leaders, and heroes in action. (All About Ancient) Most sculptures roles in society were to be public meeting places for important events. They were used as central areas for passing information and communicating new rules and guidelines for an area. A whole category of battle and heroic sculpture filled the citizenrys need for information on conquests made by Roman armies. (All Bout Ancient) Although most statues were used for the public, some statues were intended for private viewing only because the subject matter would not be acceptable with commoners seeing as it was offensive or sexually explicit. (All About Ancient) Roman statue effected and played a role in literature as well such as Julius Caesar. In Shakespeare’s play, roman sculpture is used as a ceremonial image and also used to foreshadow the terrible events that unfolded later. In Act 1 of the play, a statue is described as decked with ceremonies for a parade. (Shakespeare) This would be a festival-type event celebrating an important figure returning home, that of which being Caesar. Later on in the play, the very same statue came into importance in Calpurnia’s dream. â€Å"She dreamt tonight she saw my (Caesar’s) statue which, like a fountain with a hundred spouts, did run pure blood, and many lusty romans came smiling and did bathe their hands in it.† This was an important foreshadowed event and without the statue, it would not have been portrayed the same. For as old as roman sculpting techniques are and for as long as statues have been around, they still have an impact on modern-day society. When people think of classic beauty, they think of the statues of gods and goddesses, heroes and leaders created by the ancient Romans. (All About Ancient) The Roman style of sculpture is influenced strongly by Greek style. The Romans saw what the Greeks were doing, like it and imitated it, although most of the statues that have remained and are still here today are roman. (Art) In addition to statues, Roman Emperors were also portrayed on coins, which is where modern-day society got the idea of putting out presidents on coins. (All About Ancient) Many of architectural buildings today are based off of old roman art such as the United States very own capital building. Roman sculptures are very important as the vast majority of them tell us a story about Gods, Heroes, Events, and act as public meeting areas. These statues played important roles in Julius Caesar, Ancient Rome, and modern-day society. Many sculptures were used to represent important events and people, and that cultural idea to represent significant events through art has transferred through into present-day society. Many of the statues that have survived are actually of Roman origin. Like many people today the Romans had a deep respect for Greek sculptures and many were copied. If the Romans had not made these copies, many of the Greek Legends and stories that we know today would have been lost to antiquity.

Swiss Graphics Designer Max Huber

Swiss Graphics Designer Max Huber Profile of Max Huber 1.1 His Brief Introduction Max Huber was an outstanding and influential Swiss graphic designer in the 20th century. In 1919, he was born in Switzerland, and in 1992, he died in Sagno, Switzerland. When he was 17, he had the opportunity to study in the Zurich School of Arts and Crafts which was very famous in Switzerland, because there were many outstanding teachers in this school, such as Otto Weber, Ernst Gubler, Heinri MÃ…Â ¸ller, Gottlieb Wehrli, Alfred Willimann and Walter Roshardt who were very outstanding in Switzerland. And when he studied in this school, Max Huber always spent much time to stay in the school library, because those outstanding teachers usually suggested that he should know and learn more knowledge about the experiments of Bauhaus-designers such as European abstract artists and russian constructivists by using the school library resources. And then, Max Huber as one of the great graphic designers began his professional pace, what should be pointed out is that Werner Bischof, Josef Mà ƒ ¼ller-Brockmann, Carlo Vivarelli and Hans Falk gave him many creations help and inspiration in his formative years (Hollis, 2006). 1.2 His Work Experience In 1935, Max Huber began his career in Zurich, at the beginning he worked at an advertising agency, and then he worked for the Emil Schultness at ConzettHuber, at the same time, he met Max Bill and Hans Neuburg who were also the famous industrial designer and graphic designer. When he was at the age of 21 in 1940, the World War II broke out, in order to do not join the Swiss army, Max Huber moved to Milan (Italy). When he arrived at Milan, he could only stutter a few words using Italian. However, the stuttering did not disguised his talent, relying on a calling card which was seemed to be printed at the first sight, but the elegant card was made by the hand-drawn letters with their careful spacing through a closer look, that could deeply impress Antonio Boggeri, and then Antonio Boggeri decided to hire Max Huber. Therefore, he could smoothly join the Studio Boggeri. When he worked in the Studio Boggeri in Milan, Max Huber considered that illustration, painting, photography and printi ng could be fused in together, and little by little, by exchanging ideas with other same-age designers, he became the avant-garde artists and the leading exponent in term of the plane design field. In 1941, Italy also entered the Second World War, so Max Huber was forced to be back to his motherland Switzerland, and between 1942 and 1944, he built the influential art magazine Du with Werner Bischof and Emil Schultness, and he also joined the Alliance Association of Modern Swiss Artists, and exhibited his abstract work with a group of modern Swiss artists at the Kunsthaus Zurich. However, when he stayed in Zurich, he could not forget Studio Boggeri and Milan, and he always thought that Studio Boggeri and Milan were so exciting and attractive, so he decided to be back to Milan as soon as possible. When the Second World War ended, he was appointed as the creative director by the Italian publisher Einaudi for the publishing house, so he could have the chance to contact with the post-war Italian intelligentsia, and at that time, he believed that the design had the ability to restore peoples beliefs and values in the aftermath of the Second World War. 1.3 His Design Concept Max Huber always persist in their design idea, he never make use of his images in a strict sense, in order to convey a certain feeling of dynamism and speed, he always used the combination between unframed flat photographic and typographic elements with strips of color, and in his design, people could identify these elements which were not used to tell a story. By the use of bold shapes and primary colors, Max Hubers work was focus on photographic experiments and clear type, and his strict work elements were easy to be identified. In addition, Max Huber preferred the clarity, rhythm and synthesis, and his work usually showed different hierarchical groups by the use of succinct texts, and so on. Anyhow, he never was influenced by fashion and other external factors, he had been insisting on his own ideas. Milan is an international metropolis, and Max Huber as a famous designer was usually invited to attend many international design-conventions, and he could be contact with other major designers by those international design-conventions or trips, and he fell in love with Takeshi Konos daughter and married her, Takeshi Kono was also one of the leading Japanese designers, Max Huber spent about two years in Japan. So, he could learn the different design ideas to apply in his works. 1.4 His Design philosophy After World War II, Max Huber had been keeping the humanistic design belief, and with a variety of cultural influence in Milan, he designed a series of works using the design aesthetic utopia for enterprise and business promotion. It can say that Max Huber was the pioneer of utopia aesthetic. Utopia is a vision of mankind for a better society, and is also the best human society in human ideology as the same as the earlier utopian socialism. Utopia Esthetics is the use of people yearning for a better life to inspire people to dream (Freitas Vieira, 2005). Max Hubers design used and developed this concept, which made him achieve great success, so, in his design of future life, nowhere is the design of using this concept, and this humanistic conception of design received highly attention in Europe, his purpose was to rescue people from the war. In order to achieve his target, Max Huber has always insisted on being a freelance designer, and he always worked as the direct collaboration w ay with his client. He tried his best to create the balance between the demand of each client and his own demand (Campana, et. al., 2006). Even the clients proposed comparative funny request, he would try to meet the demand of clients, and if the advice had a little use, he would be willing to modify his plan. So, Max Huber always loved innovatory research, and always kept a lively curiosity to follow his ideal and faith. 2.0 Visual Analysis 2.1 Gran premio dell Autodromo Monza In 1948, Max Huber designed the celebrated poster for the Monza Grand Prix, the name of the celebrated poster was Gran premio dell Autodromo Monza, and its size was 1400x1000cm, this work helped him win the first prize in the competition, and this work as the same as Max Huber was well-known all over the world. This works color was bright, and the content was simple and comprehensive, it truly and clearly displayed the Monza Grand Prix. Meanwhile, this work showed the stronger sense of hierarchy to attract peoples attention, which also represented Hubers brilliant and innovative design; perfect arrow curve was very good to show circuit authenticity (ICONOFGRAPHICS, 2007). This work precisely and vividly showed his creation idea and design concept to people; it also released this modern design concepts and ideas; it was apparent that this work was showing his futurism inspiration. In a word, this work had lively format, bouncing color, fluent text, exquisite design and powerful sense of hierarchy, which could deeply attract peoples attention. 2.2 La Rinascente Italys largest department store chain La Rinascente is located next to the Cathedral Duao Mo; La Rinascente means recovery, rehabilitation and re-production, which could also be consistent with Max Hubers design concepts and aesthetic utopia. Max Huber worked for the department store La Rinascente from 1950 to 1954, in 1951, he designed the monumental work for La Rinascente, this work was named La Rinascente which was used for advertising, and its size was 295x205mm, and today, this trademark has been familiar with people all over the world. This work had also distinctive color, red, black and white were clearly distribution, and font also was concise and representative. This work could be firmly remembered, even if only once. In a word, this work could not only bring many commercial gains, but also change the masses feeling to La Rinascente and Milan visual scenery. It was more important that this work changed that era of collective memory (Campana, et. al., 2006). 3.0 Conclusion In conclusion, through the analysis of Max Huber, it appears that Hubers work was consistently innovative, and by combining painting and photography with other graphic media, he remained avant-garde throughout his career, bringing the utopian vision of the modern masters to bear on corporate typography and identity design. Many of his works are classic, and he made great contribution to modern aesthetics.

Essay --

B00454342 AFST/HIST 283A, Introduction to African History December 16, 2013 1. (a) Africans and Europeans had religious relations. The spread of Christianity was introduced by the Byzantines, specifically in the Horn of Africa and the Nile Valley. They also had political and economic relations. When the European countries and empires, such as the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire, interest in Africa increased, they began to impose their rule on Africa. Europeans saw an opportunity for personal benefits in Africa because of its plethora of natural resources. These empires practiced mercantilism. European nations were the mother countries of Africa. The Europeans would use the colony for natural recourses and once these resources were obtained they would produce goods to sell back to the colonies. Another economic relation between the two was slavery. During the Atlantic Slave Trade, Europeans would buy and sell slaves from Africa. This also resulted in sexual relations between Africans and Europeans, resulting in mixed races. (b) In North and West Africa the Asians and Africans had religious, political, and economic relationships. The trade routes between Asia and North Africa are ancient due to the accessibility through the Suez Canal and the Bab el Mandeb. These trade routes allowed culture, traditions, religion, and ideas to culturally diffuse between the two countries. Religiously, the spread of Islam was mainly due to the expansion of the Muslim political system. Muslims were seen as liberators from the harsh rule of the Byzantines, so the Africans welcomed them. The Muslim government in North Africa allowed religious freedom. 2. (a) African Traditional Religions (ATRs) are pantheistic. The power of a god is manifeste... ... literate and was educated about the world. These elites formed social organizations, independent churches, and newspapers. Once independence was achieved Africans struggled taking control of the economy because they had no prior training, but politically they had some success. Therefore, African poverty was a result of colonial exploitation by the capitalist west. They became very dependent on trade, specifically imports, many of which came from their previous colonizers. However, colonization and decolonization expanded connections between Africans and the world beyond its borders. After decolonization, Africans increased their mobility out of the continent, furthering the cultural diffusion and Westernization of their customs, traditions, and beliefs. They also have altered the cultures of other peoples by influencing aspects of culture such as music and sports.

Writing and Reading for a New Generation Essay -- Internet Cyberspace

â€Å"Writing and Reading for a New Generation† In the past decade, the Internet has taken over. Everyone from young children to senior citizens can communicate, send e-mail, or look up any bit of information in seconds. Because of the overwhelming shift to Internet technology and communication, many aspects of writing have been forever changed. Writers often write differently for the Internet than they do for a physical publication. Readers often read differently on the Internet than physically written text. Within the forms of Internet writing exists one unlike the others and that is personal publishing web sites, such as blogger, live journal, diary land—the list goes on. By allowing any individual to publish anything onto the web, the traditional ideas of writing and reading are automatically forfeited to a new generation of writers. The first thing to understand about personal publishing sites is their uses. What the site will be used for can also dictate which site a person will utilize. For instance, something like diary land (diaryland.com) is typically used strictly as an online journal. People record their thoughts, what they’ve been doing, and what events are coming up in their lives. Like a personal web site, users will personalize the layout of the â€Å"diary† including pictures, borders, etc. Other sites, like blogger (blogger.com), can be used for personal means or professional ones. In the case of my English 328 class, blogs can even be used as a place to respond to writing prompts for homework. In looking at these sites, I noticed that blogger more than the others also had blogs specific to certain interests. For instance, one blog was dedicated solely to lovers of palm pilots. The wa... ...sible to imagine a world in which books were an outdated, archaic technology but as we push further into the future and the future of writing, the possibility looms as a larger and larger force to be reckoned with. Works Cited Bradbury, Grace. â€Å"Diary of a Call Girl.† The Times(London). 10 Mar. 2004, n.68019. T2, p.4. Tribble, Evelyn B. and Anne Trubek, eds. Writing Material: Readings for Plato to the Digital Age. New York: Longman, 2003. Landow, George. â€Å"Twenty Minutes into the Future, or How Are We Moving Beyond the Book?† Tribble & Trubek 214-226. Sosnoski, James. â€Å"Hyper-readers and their Reading Engines.† Tribble & Trubek 400-417. Wagner, Erica. â€Å"A High Price to Pay for Sex Without Love.† The Times (London). 10 Mar. 2004, n. 68019. T2, p.5.

The Killing of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern :: essays research papers

The Killing of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Hamlet's own Philosophic view. In terms of Hamlet's own philosophic view, the killing of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern is very out-of-character. Hamlet is an intellectual, and therefore believes that killing is not a necessary solution (this could also relate to why he hesitates so long at killing Claudius). He does this more out of anger and revenge than out of his own will and good judgement. As somewhat of a justification he says, "Ere I could make a prologue to my brains, They had begun the play-", proving that, given time to think about his actions, he probably would not have done it. Hamlet's goal of Revenge As far as his goals of revenge go; yes this was an act of personal vengeance for Hamlet, but it did nothing to aid in his ordered revenge of his father's death. Although somewhat justifiable, as the two were conspiring with the king against him, their deaths were not very practical. It is, in fact, completely plausible that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern had no idea of the contents of the letters they carried, thus nullifying the whole point of the revenge put upon them, and putting the deaths of two innocents on Hamlet's head. If they did know what the letters contained, however, it was one of Hamlet's high points in the play. He actually accomplishes something instead of analyzing it to death, displaying the kind of action he should have taken towards killing Claudius. In Terms of Today's Moral Standards Crimes of passion are the most common crimes that result in death and Hamlets actions displayed just that. He was anger driven, and blind to reason, reacting emotionally, without thinking too much about the end results or circumstances of his deed.

A Guide to Health

The choices I voluntarily make are ones that impact how I feel in my awareness of being robust, and how those factors define my outlook of what health is. Every second of simply being alive in a way is almost a tribute to one's health. How we feel physically throughout the day, mentally from stress, and even emotionally from social interaction are all aspects of our health. One way these ideals came to prominence is from a quote the World Health Organization (WHO) used to define health in 1948, which follows as â€Å"Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or Infirmity'.I find myself agreeing very strongly with the WHO because we experience health solely on these three major Influences of physical, mental and social. The outermost part of the human body comprises of the nervous system and how we react to different stimulus. To many people physical attributes are considered an inferior part of health in comparison to mental; however the sensations experienced from it are how we feel major determinants such as pain that influence our overall mood and perception of life.Any activity simply done by using our bodies is physical, and as such we affect this form of health by our choices of whether to exercise or not, maintain balance or even by putting strain on the body. We also experience health from a mental perspective which many people arguably say is the most Important component of all. The mind is what naturally makes a person him or herself, and any alteration or absence of It could greatly change a life. All humans experience mental health more than any other health because every conscious second we have makes use of It and how It corresponds to the other aspects of health.Lastly we experience health as well through a social or emotional proportion. Social health can be a double edged sword because statistically speaking people that interact and have support from others are more likely to be resistant to illness and overall more healthy from the influences peers. However, the choices we make as to who we choose to surround ourselves with can have negative effects, as well as leads to high stress and emotional outbursts which in some cases can allow some diseases to develop.Due to this, we experience health based upon our actions and decisions in everyday life that will mount overtime to our current state of health and how It will continue to grow in the future to come. Health Is greatly affected by the choices we all make in how we all wish to live our lives In a way that provides satisfaction and pleasure. However, what Is It that determines how we make these choices? Well because health Is such a diverse and Immense topic, there really Is not an answer or rather a correct one because health is entirely personal.Everyone has their own interpretations and how much and what they eat, hygiene, maintain required sleep and other activities ND so on. There are many different reasons why people do the things they do, and one of the most notably characteristics is one an individual has no control over; genetics. The genes a person inherits is from their family's history and dominant traits that persist. Whether good or bad, genetics to a degree play a major role in how a person thinks and how they are susceptible to not only certain diseases and illnesses but also personality types and attitudes.For instance, in many scientific studies there are experiments that support the fact of alcoholism being dominant in n offspring if the parent is shown to have a history with it, and results have shown a positive correlation so far. However as health is a very complex topic, there are also other factors to consider such as one's environment. The places we all grew up, the people we meet, and so on also play a role in who we become as people and how we think the way we do. Childhood is often considered the most crucial time of development for humans, and as such w e can be greatly affected by it.Our housing environments and surroundings raise the question of are our physical, mental, social ND security needs met as a child? We receive influence from how we are brought up from our families and our peers as well as the media as everyone offers different ideals and perspectives on any issue in life. Depending on the reality and influences we experience in our life time affect how we process information and decide how to interpret it. The people we become from our development and experiences as a child are how we evaluate and have our beliefs on matters such as health.Just as anyone else I am no exception to this principle and have my own background in health throughout my life. In my own personal opinion I agree strongly agree with many people that the most important aspect of health is mental. I feel that it is what drives us to have motivation and compassion to pursue what one desires whether it is good health or something else. With a strong and clear mind even people that are physically disabled inspire so many others by their determination to overcome their weakness and inability.Even without being physically healthy, as long as one has their mind they can still be happy and satisfied in their life which to some people is considered healthy since everyone has their own definition. Because of this I also think health cannot be measured on a scale or specifically to determine what is essentially â€Å"healthy'. Many reliable institutions such as the government put forth their ideals in what being healthy is, such as the Canadian food guide. However not every person eats the required amounts of servings listed in the Canadian food guide. And does that make them unhealthy?I do not believe so because as I have stated earlier health is a personal and very complex topic as there is no correct answer entirely. However I think that with regards to guides on health as the Canadian good guide and Body Mass Index (IBM) should ra ther be used as references or scales for one to model their life after. No one needs to follow these guides exactly, but should incorporate the knowledge they give into their lifestyle as way to improve health and keep it within a reasonable standard of being healthy as long as some of the criteria to a degree is met.I myself use this as my own interpretation of these public forms of information to better my health, however it is up to me use my own Judgment and exactly aligned with these paradigms, and that is perfectly alright. At times we usually want to be like everyone else or follow the standard, but occasionally you need to stick your head out the clouds and form your own opinions with the information given.Health is no exception as a concept we design and personalize ourselves to fit our own perceptions of what a healthy lifestyle involves. The components of physical, mental and social as well as the factors that influence are all tools we use to create our own definition of health and we apply it to our everyday lives. Being healthy to some may simply include Just being and feeling happy with one's self by having pride and inspiration to continue or change their options to improve and encourage health habits.

Business Law Assignment

MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE OF SINGAPORE IN COLLABORATION WITH UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT BUSINESS LAW ASSIGNMENT Presented by Name| FIN/IC Number| Participation Marks Awarded| Gerry Vicentius Sajuti| G1180480U| | Diana Ong Cabillan| G5304258P| | Cecillia Satryo| G1188819X| | ANALYSIS| /40%| RESEARCH| /30%| ORGANIZATION| /15%| PRESENTATION| /15%| Date of Submission: 16 OCTOBER 2012 Name of Lecturer: DANIEL THEYAGU DECLARATION This is to declare that this is our original work and we have not plagiarise any information from any other works.We understand that plagiarism is a serious issue and if found guilty our work will be rejected and possible we will be barred from the examination. We have verified all information given and have effectively referenced the sources. If after graduation it is found that our work is not original we stand a chance of having our Diploma revoked by the institution concern. Name: Gerry Vicentius Sajuti Signature: ____________ _______ Name: Diana Ong Cabillan Signature: ___________________ Name: Cecillia SatryoSignature: ____________________ CONTENTS PAGE QUESTION ONE DIAGRAM OF SINGAPORE COURT STRUCTURESUB-ORDINATE COURT OF SINGAPORE * One of the two tiers in court system of singapore * There are 15 various of subordinate courts. HIGH COURT OF SINGAPORE * consists of the chief justice of Singapore and the judges of the high court * exercises supervisory and revisionary jurisdiction * bound by decisions of the court of appeal SUPREME COURT * two tiers of the court system in Singapore * consists of the court of appeal and the high court COURT OF APPEAL OF SINGAPORE * It's court of final appeal * consists chief justice of singapore * The seat called supreme court building Appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters under the principle of stare decisis court appeal are binding on the high court ; sub-ordinate court Essay on Question One A 15 years old teenager will be convicted in some minor cases d espite of his reasoning. In the classic situation,in which the police first obtain a confession,discover some other evidence,while in the contrast all the decision will be depend on the judge of the court. Sometimes to prevent unfairness and hold the consistency,judges will use stare decisis which are bounded by higher court's decision depend on the similarity of cases situation.If the young teenager case get the same situation as previous case,it has a big possibilty for the judge to give the same decisions. Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction of the Court of Appeal In Singapore,the highest court is the Court of Appeal that only implements the appellate jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. In civil it usually begins from the High Court. You can have an appeal when the High Court judge is on leave,or when the amount or value of the cases is below $25,000. The Court should only accept evidence that was passed by the court below however new evidence should pass by on special ground .When it comes to Criminal matters,the Court of Appeal cannot hear an appeal when the orders were already made by the High Court from the Subordinate Court except when it exercise original criminal jurisdiction in the latter part. When the High court already made a decision to a convicted person,the Court of Appeal may permit the person to have an appeal if it believes that it has a reasonable doubt and the sentence should be reduced. Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction of the High Court In Singapore,the High Court is the lower division of Supreme Court that implements the appellate and original jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters.The high court has power in any written law relating to divorce,bankruptcy and matters of admiralty. In implementing appellate civil jurisdiction the hearing should come from the District Courts,Magistrates’ Courts and other tribunal. When it comes to permitting for an appeal,it should be approved by one of the Court above where the amount does n ot exceed $50,000. In appellate criminal jurisdiction, the criminal cases came from the District and Magistrates’ Courts. The High Court will not overturn the judgment that has been made unless the law is wrong or circumstances are inadequate.In this situation the Court should follow some orders like reversing the decision or enhancing the sentenced that was given and the rest. The jurisdiction of the various divisions of court in the Subordinate circuit Subordinate court is one of the two tiers in court system of singapore beside of supreme court. There are 15 various of subordinate courts. Community Court To prevent and reduce the incidence of crimes and to ensure that those suspected,accused or convicted of crimes is the goal of Community Court. Cases that has been settle by community court e. g. ike selected offenders with mental disorders,family violence cases,those below 21 years accused of theft, and etc. Family Court Family court is legalised on 1st march 1995,which i s contributed in settle family-related disputes. Family court is now unified court,dealing with all family proceeding in Singapore,Philosophy of the Family Court is to strenghten family ties and preserved. Coroner's Court Coroner's Court carried out for a sudden death such as accidents on the highway,in a jail cell,and suicide. Basicly,the Crime Forensic team analyze the death body of victim and report the result to the court.Later,the trial judge's decision will result in the stated cause of death : are pure death, by accident, or open to further investigation. Neighborhood Court Treatment for cases occurring within family dealt by Neigborhood Court. The cases handled include family violence,disputes within the scope of the community,attempted suicide,law violations even animal cruelty. Traffic Court On the highway frequently found violations caused user negligence from the mere breach of signs to accidents causing casualties that is handled by the Singapore Traffic Court after rec eiving reports of violations.The violations include drunk driving or traffic violations by the Land Transport Authority or the traffic police declared there was no other way that can be taken for that incident. Night Court Offenders who are employee so they can attend the hearing after working hours,Singapore has Night Court for that reason. The court was held on weekdays beginning at 6 pm. There are two division of night court,Court 26N for issue noticed by government's departments and Court 25N for traffic violation. Bail CourtLiterally bail is a guarantee on a case,so that a case can be suspended with pay administration with a certain amount of money. In the bail court the defendant have to pay a sum of money that will go into the cash bail with respect to certain conditions and by the affirm of the Chamber Magistrate,the defendant can be released. Juvenile Court The Juvenile Court only assumes jurisdiction over children below 14 and young person between 14 until 16 years old. So the offender of the case must below 16 years old when h/she is first charged in the Juvenile Court.If it's above of it Juvenile Court will relinquishes its jurisdiction. Mentions Court There are two division of Criminal Mentions Court one deal with District Arrest Cases(DACs) and Magistrates Arrest Cases(MACs). Mention Court usually get ready for prosecution to charge an accused person,no longer than 2 days after his arrest and remand. Filter Court Filter Court as know as holding court which filter cases into other trial court. Beside deal with disposal enquiries,it also deal about night court cases where the accussed person claimed trial and some minor cases that require up to a day trial.Civil Court Most of civil court defendant got fined instead of jail. Lawsuit that hold by civil court include a range of areas e. g. for landlord-tenant conflicts,credit card payment disputes,breach of contract for accidental compensation disputes etc Centralised Sentencing Court By some specifie d cases,The judge will sentence the offender has plead guilty. District Court The penalty of district court may be imprisonment of not more than 7 years,a fine of approximately $ 10,000 flogging up to 12 strokes, or reformative training.District court also handle other cases such as misuse of drug,corruption,company,and security industry. Magistrate Court Court that handling case that punishment less than cases in district court,called Magistrate Court. It handling the case that the sentence less than 3 years. The sentences can be prisoned for no more than 2 years,fine less than $2,000,caning up to 3 strokes. This court also have authority to handle common gaming house,film,miscellaneous offence cases. Criminal Court Penalty of criminal court may be include both jail and fine for a sum of amount.Cases that handle by criminal court e. g. for corruption,immigration,employment of illegal foreign worker etc QUESTION TWO BUSINESS ENTERPRISE FEATURES ESSAY PART 2 PROCESS AND PROCEDURE Ste p1 Company Formation Before we're going to register our company,first of all we must have a company formation. Company need a name that belongs to their trade sign that belongs to themselves, the name must be approve before incorporation of company in Singapore occur. Beside of it,we need to fulfil for directors,shareholders,secretary,paid-up capital,registered address and taxation Step2 Name ApprovalTo set up a company,it must be approved first by filling the application with company registrar. Generally company name is being rejected/approval notification through in less than 1 hour unless it got some similarity with other registered name. To make this step faster at least you must not have identical name to any existing name of company,doesn't infringe with any trademark,is not obscene or vulgar,is not already reserved. An approved name will be reserved 60 days from the date of application. Step3 Singapore Company RegistrationOnce the name has been approved,approval from company registrar will also be approved in few hours assuming that incorporation documents are ready and have been signed by the directors and shareholders of the company. Some cases will delay the incorporation procedure if the director or shareholder of the company come from certain nationalities,but it seldom happen. In such case,authorities will ask for some additional question. For a private limited company need to pay S$ 300 for registration fee. Step4 Goods and Service Tax Registration GST tax is also known as Value Added Tax (VAT) or Sales tax.If you company is GST registered,you need to charged for 7% to your customer from the price of goods and services you provide and in turn this amount to authority. GST registration is not mandatory if your company’s annual turnover does not exceed S$1 million. Step5 Singapore Business Licenses You need to obtain a business license or not is depend on your company activities after you have incorporate your company but before you can comm ence your business operations. There are few business need to obtain the licenses e. g. for travel agencies,financial services, import/export of goods and restaurants Step6 Registration Document IssuesThe company registrar will send an official email confirming the incorporation company that include company registration number and certificate of it. It will be charged for S$50 for getting the hard copy at the following day (hardcopy is not being issued in singapore) A business profile of the company can be obtained from the Company Registrar by making a request online and paying a small application fee. Generally, the document (a PDF file) is available for download within an hour of the request and contains company name,registration number,incorporation date,principal activities etc Step7 Annual filing requirements for Singapore companiesThe Companies Act dictates certain annual filing requirements and formalities, once your company has been incorporated. ESSAY PART THREE Manufactur ing food and beverages is one of the everlasting business that can be do by some entrepreneur. It is very difficult to a food and beverages company become bankrupt,because everyday people need any kind of food and drink,for their meal or just for snack time,that's what makes the company continues to manufacture their products regularly, without fear that the products not sold or foul.The important things to start this kind of company and compete with its competitors in the same field is just the innovation that the company can give to their products that can attract consumer to buy their product. Private Limited Company become the better choice for this kind of business,because in Private Limited Company,they just have less than 20 share holders in company, even usually only about 3-5 people so as not to split a lot of the number of shares, because it will have an impact on the amount of dividen to be gained per person.This form of business make the company easy to develop,because n ot many hands meddling in the decision-making problems. In the other hand,the profit that company can gain from food and beverages is very high,because the raw materials for food is very cheap and the price could soar exponentially when the raw material is processed so attractive that has marketability. Indeed, the pattern of this kind of business, the cost of the company set up is very big, because we need each cost for land, raw materials, and to employ the employee.However this is the essence of this kind of business itself, each shareholder in the company is required to use existing capital as well as possible with the expectation that the future will gain more trade which in business terms is the return on investment. Therefore, when we talk about the profits, with such a large, the dividends to be gained would be very big for each shareholder. Moreover,for the developing of company, very easy to use the money from the profits earned for research, product development, adding ne w areas of business.Entirely it depend on how the shareholders' meeting decided to pay dividends to shareholders or hold it and included as cash for capital expenditure. For the management area, with less number of individuals who join in the shareholder, make it easier for companies to work professionally, because often when many shareholders -the personal shareholders, not through the stock market- which mostly are entrepreneurs, trying to put those beliefs on the board of directors or corporate staff . Sometimes it makes management of work not in accordance with the directives f the shareholders' meeting, but rather subject to the people who put them in that position, so that the special interests are often saddled to the person. It was the worst possibility of many businessmen who joined in management Related to the law, all things relating to the company's very easy to handle. Company is a legal entity. With regard to the loss suffered by the company, if the company suffered a loss, then the bear is not a personal, but overall the company was sentenced to, for example experiencing bankruptcy.The company also will not stop operating when one of its shareholders resign or died, because by law, it will be inherited by the heir or other appropriate policy decisions made together. In addition, the form of a company like this, we can easily develop food and beverage products at once with just one company name that in there will be divided into several divisions related, so it does not need a lot of company name to classify each of our products. MISLEADING QUESTION THREE This advertisement is misleading because it can’t immediately delete or heals a skin problem by one treatment, it has steps to be followed.Aside from it, they offer the iPhone 5 if they go to the clinic to make the consultation and treatment that can only be avail by new customers with skin problems. They also wrote term and conditions require to get free treatment in small size below of the advertisement. UNILATERAL OFFER UNILATERAL OFFER This advertisement include in ‘Unilateral Offer' because they clearly detached all the information about the stuff they sell include the fixed price with seen able size in the red shape without further bargaining needed.Beside of it, ‘everything priced to clear' means the price fixed until out of stock in 4 days from the day newspaper published. They even stated all the places we can find courts to buy those stuff without term and condition required for everyone. Invitation to offer Invitation to Offer This is an invitation to treat advertisement,because this advertisement is not clear. They just give the rate price for each destination,and the price also started with word ‘from’ that mean the price is not the fix price and need further negotiation with the customer to meet the agreement for the price that benefit each other.They also don’t give the due date of the promo,so it very uncertain and cu stomer need to check it periodically. QUESTION THREE PART THREE ADVERTISEMENT OF TRUE OFFER FOR SALE!!! SECONDHAND BAKERY OVEN For S$1500/ not negotiable Age: 5 months old Colour: Silver For those who are interested you can call me at this number: 85986051 Or via email at [email  protected] com This is an advertisement called unilateral offer means anyone can buy this bakery oven. One reason why this is a true offer is, the intention of the party is clear and it’s stated there the information about the oven like the age, and colour in the price of S$1500.Aside from this, it also stated there that the price of the oven is not negotiable. ADVERTISEMENT OF INVITATION TO TREAT DOradora Pte. Ltd Jurong point #01-16 tel. 63970989 ipod case Fr $12 cup cake Fr $3 cake Fr $39 Hurry come and grab all about doraemon start Fr $3 Fr $399 This advertisement belongs to invitation to treat because it don't stated clearly what's the specific of computer stuff they sell and they also invite us to buy their thing with the price that needed for further bargaining (not fix yet),it attached for word ‘from'. Not all commercial there for $3, it means for the cheapest thing like doraemon cupcake start from $3.REFERENCE http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/High_Court_of_Singapore http://app. subcourts. gov. sg/subcourts/page. aspx? pageid=53865 http://app. supremecourt. gov. sg/default. aspx? pgID=43 http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_Singapore#Appellate_civil_jurisdiction http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Singapore#Ranking http://app. subcourts. gov. sg/Data/Files/File/InforBooklet_Brochures/Brochure_Crime_CommCt. pdf Introduction to Business Law in Singapore Ravi Chandran Singapore Business Law 2nd ed. Benny S Tabalujan http://www. acra. gov. sg INDIVIDUAL GROUP MEMBER CONTRIBUTION | PART I| PART II| PART III|GERRY VICENTIUS SAJUTI| * Diagram * Subordinate Court| * Diagram of features * Diagram of disadvantages ; advantages * Explanation of the business enterprise| * Invitation to Treat advertisement * Explanation of the advertisement| DIANA ONG CABILLAN| * Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction of Court Appeal * Criminal and Civil Jurisdiction of High Court| * Disadvantages and Advantages * Diagram of the process and procedure of business| * Misleading Advertisement * Explanation of the advertisement * Create and Explaination of own example of True Offer| CECILLIA SATRYO| * Diagram * Subordinate Court| * Features * Essay of process and procedure of business| * True Offer advertisement * Explanation of the advertisement * Create and Explanation of own example of Invitation to Treat| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Our heartiest gratitude and respect to our lecturer,  Mr. Daniel Theyagu for his attractive class lecture and helpful manner to guide us in improving our submitted assignment. We are also thankful to those who help us while doing the assignment We think that : GOD HELP THOSE WHO HELPS THEMSELVES As we see this sentence is very small l but it has a very vast meaning. It means that when a person help himself then God also support him for doing the work. We would like to dedicate this assignment to our parents and lecturer and to those entire people who supported us do this assignment.

Types of Economic Systems

The 3 Types of Economic Systems– Centrally planned economy – Mixed economy – Market economyCentrally planned economySystem in which a nation’s resources are owned by the government. Came from the ideology that the welfare of the group is more important than individual well being, the idea came from Karl Marx. The decline of Centrally planned economies was in the 1980’s nations began to dismantle communist central planning in favor of market based economy. Mixed economyEconomic system in which resources are more equally divide between private and government ownership. It came from the idea that a successful system must be not only efficient and innovative but should also protect society. Most economies around the world are mixed economies but most mixed economies are trying to convert more of a market economy. This is called â€Å"Privatization† or â€Å"Privatizing†. Market EconomyThe majority of nations resources are privately owned. Economic decisions are determined by supply and demand. Based on the belief that individual concerns should be placed above group concerns. The best features are free choice, free enterprise and price flexibility. The governments role is enforcing antitrust laws, preserving property rights, providing a stable fiscal and monetary environment and preserving political stability. Personally I would prefer to live in a mixed economy. I say this because it is the best kind of economic system in my eyes. A mixed economy lies between a free market economy and a centrally planned economy. A mixed economy combines elements from free market and centrally planned to create a more favorable economy. Most nations operate mixed economies with varying combinations of capitalist and socialist features. Some benefits of a mixed economy are free enterprise, private ownership, a â€Å"safety net† and the ability for the government to step in if needed. This is very appealing because the benefits are unmatched from the other two main economic systems. I like the idea of private ownership and the government being able to step in during times of need, these two examples are the main reasons I prefer to live in a mixed economy.

Dehumanization and Alienation Essay

For generations society has been separating and categorizing mankind into stereotypes. Everyone and anyone on earth has been placed within a prospective category. If not by race, then appearance, income, or by social standing. Although sometimes mankind takes these separations to an extreme, like trying to dispose of a thousands of people, just because of their religion and beliefs. These separations and categorizations can wreak havoc on the human mind. Some even hallucinating in order to cope with the stress of what everyday life has caused them. Feeling trapped in a label you can’t seem to shed no matter how hard you work to change can be infuriating, and that constant battle of back and forth within the mind can do dangerous things. Although Wiesel writes a memoir and Kafka writes an expressionist novella, both stories use symbols to further their themes of alienation and dehumanization. Night is a memoir by Elie Wiesel. Within his enthralling narrative he depicts his period spent within Auschwitz during World War two, and how he managed to endure and outlive the camps ill-treatment. He describes his first experience in Auschwitz, upon his entrance into the camp. â€Å"Men to the left! Women to the right! Eight words spoken quietly, indifferently, without emotion. Eight simple, short words†¦ I didn’t know that this was the moment in time and place where I would be leaving my mother and sister forever† (Wiesel, 29). As soon as you step foot in that appalling camp it is no longer of any St. Germain 1 importance that you have a family. The guards don’t concern themselves with the inseparability of you and your loved ones. All that is of any concern to them is that they dispose of the weak. They determine who is deemed fit to  live and will be of appropriate use to them. The S.S soldiers alienate the weak from the rest of the camp in order to uphold the highest level of functionality. After spending months in Auschwitz, Elie and his fellow prisoners are relocated. While on the train transporting them to their unknown location they are forced to fit 100 prisoners per car for days, without food or water. During a stop at a local train station the German citizens amuse themselves by throwing crumbs of bread onto the train and watching the prisoners fight for any scrap of bread they can obtain, for one scrap of bread ensures one more day of survival. Elie watches in horror as a man attacks his elderly father in order to steal his bread. Elie recalls the terrifying events â€Å"Meir, my little Meir! Don’t you recognize me†¦You’re killing your father†¦I have bread†¦for you too†¦The old man mumbled something, groaned, and died. Nobody cared. His son searched him, took the crust of bread, and began to devour it† (Wiesel, 101). Being in the camp dehumanizes you. Not just in the sense of stripping you of your basic rights, but also of your basic morals. Being dehumanized is more than your lack of human rights, it’s also about the numbing of your feelings and emotional connections. The only thing that separates humans from any other animal on earth is our ability to form emotional bonds with others and to allow our morals to come before our basic instinct of survival. Being in the situation where you kill your father without hesitation shows the true magnitude of the dehumanization within the camps. Still within the tightfisted hands of the S.S soldiers, Elie and the other prisoners are forced to run involuntary to a new hidden camp. Elies father has aged a great deal so the strenuous and demanding route to the new camp is more exertion than his body can handle. Once they made it safely to the camp St. Germain his father’s health began to diminish rapidly. It wasn’t long until his father drew in his last laborious breath and died in his sleep. Upon waking the next morning Elie was alarmed to find another inmate sleeping on his father’s bed. He soon discovered that his father had died the night before and was taken to the crematorium. By this time, he had already endured so  much that he says â€Å"I did not weep, and it pained me that I could not weep, but I was out of tears. And deep inside me, if I could have searched the recesses of my feeble conscience, I might have found something like; free at last†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wiesel, 112). Elie had already experienced so much turmoil within the confines of the camp, that he was unaffected by the death of his own father. He was relieved that he no longer had the responsibility of keeping his father and himself alive. Elie had once been appalled at the men who abandoned their loved ones in order to ensure their o wn survival. He had watched in horror as a man killed his elderly father for a crumb of bread, and vowed he would never become one of those appalling men. Yet when he thinks of his father’s undeserved death, he feels relief. In The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka, a successful business man named Gregor awakens one morning and finds himself transformed into a giant roach bug. He responds to his change in appearance relatively calm, for his biggest concern is being late for his door to door salesmen job. While trying tirelessly to get out of bed Gregors mother knocks on the door to remind him of his tardiness to work. He assures her that he is okay and that he’ll be out soon. When Gregor fails to come into work his manager arrives at his home in order to find the explanation for Gregors absence. While demanding Gregor come out of the room, for he cannot miss a day of work he says â€Å"Your job is by no means rock solid†¦ frankly your recent work has been highly unsatisfactory† (Kafka, 7). The manager treats Gregor as though he is a means of making money and nothing more. Gregor is pushed around and mistreated by his manager each and every day, and that kind of emotional and mental abuse can only be endured for so long. Thus explaining Gregors hallucinations of becoming a giant roach, and isolating himself from the rest of  society. Being told you are nothing but another cog within the machine of life by your superior makes you believe that you contribute nothing to society. Therefore the manager threatening Gregor with his job is a symbol of the abuse Gregor was put through every day that made him feel like a useless vermin, that he then ha llucinates himself to be when he â€Å"turns† in to a roach. After Gregors family discovers that he has become a roach they lock him away in his room and refuse to acknowledge what has happened to him. His sister slowly begins to become more comfortable with his new appearance and decides to leave food out for him. Since Gregors sister Grete decided to take the position as the main care giver for Gregor, his mother never sees him. One day Gregors mother decides she wants to visit Gregor and help Grete move his furniture out of his room. While they are transporting and relocating Gregors furniture to another room, Gregor decides he doesn’t want a poster on his wall taken away. So he lays himself on top of the poster on the wall, with the hopes that Grete would realize he wants it to stay. When Grete enters the room with Gregors mother, the shock of seeing her son as a giant bug causes her to pass out. While the mother remained passed out in another room Gregors father comes home. He is outraged when Grete informs him that seeing Gregor caused the mothers troubling state. He immediately assumes Gregor tried to attack them and begins to attack Gregor as punishment. Kafka describes it saying â€Å"Gregor halted, petrified, any more running would be useless, for the father dead set on bombarding him†¦a weakly thrown apple grazed Gregors back sliding off harmlessly. Another one, however, promptly following it, actually clung right into his back. Gregor wanted to keep dragging himself along as though this startling and incredible pain would vanish with a change of location, yet he felt nailed to the spot†(Kafka,26). Gregors father attacking him with the apples and injuring him is a symbol of Gregors strained and problematic relationship with his father, it shows that Gregor never felt good or worthy enough. The apple actually causing injury to his back  represents the emotional turmoil Gregors father has put him through and the betrayal he feels as a result.  Since Gregor is no longer able to support the family and their lavish life style anymore, Gregors father decides to allow three men to rent out rooms within their home for extra money. The men are vile and self-righteous so upon hearing Grete playing the violin in her room, demand she come and play for them. Grete does as she is told and begins to play for the men. Gregor  is watching from his cracked door as Grete plays and is utterly captivated by it. It’s the first time Gregor remembers being happy in a long time. Although he is outraged when he looks around the room and sees the awful men sitting there looking as if they would like nothing more than to leave the room. Gregor wishes Grete would play for only him because he is the only one who truly appreciates her talents, Gregor states â€Å"He was determined to creep all the way over to the sister, tug at her skirt and suggest that she take violin and come into his room, for no one here would reward her playing as he intended to reward it. He wanted to keep her there, and never let her out, at least not in his lifetime† (Kafka, 34). Gregor enjoying Grete’s violin playing symbolizes what little hope he has left, and that he is still human. After all that Gregor has been through, and all that his family has out him through he still loves Grete and wants her to feel appreciated in the way that he never did. He wishes to hide her away from the cruel world that emotionally and mentally scarred him, and alienate themselves from the rest of society by staying together in Gregors room forever. Throughout both of the writers novels the theme of alienation and dehumanization are thoroughly represented. They depict the hardships and struggles of being wrongfully labeled, and how it affects your life. What may seem like a completely unnecessary and irrelevant sentence in the novel actually has a much great meaning than originally thought. Within those sentences are symbols that help to further the themes in the novel. Although Wiesel writes a memoir and Kafka writes an expressionist novella, both stories use symbols to further their themes of alienation and dehumanization. Work Cited Wiesel, Elie. Night. New York: Hill and Wang, 2006.Printed Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis. Columbis, Ohio: The McGraw – Hill Companies, 2000.Printed

Critical Essay by Juda Smith Essay

I think the nether grave is the best story, because it’s very relatable. Majority of kids get bullied and or go through a bad time at least once in their life, so they either find ways to escape it or lie to people about how â€Å"good† their life is so nobody knows how bad it actually it. People connect more with things they can relate too. Fact. But, ‘†A Sound of Thunder† is a better story that can be classified as science fiction because it has something to do with time travel, dinosaurs, and history. â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† fits into the science fiction category because it’s based on time travel, dinosaurs ruling the Earth, and staying on the correct path so he doesn’t â€Å"change the course of history†. Those are all science related things so that’s the science part. It’s fiction because its fact but science related. No one can go back in time or change the course of history that’s where the fict ion comes into play. In the story â€Å"nether grave† it’s harder to classify it as science fiction, because it’s not like it has something to do with time travel or dinosaurs, but it does have to do with gaming and leaving behind his own life to be a jaguar in a video game life. It does have to with people and how their life effects their life decisions which is science. It’s fiction because people can’t trade in their bad life to be in a video game. In the story â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† he uses sensory imagery, which uses very descriptive words to evoke images of sight, sounds, feelings, touch, and smells. In the first line, the protagonist swallows and they tell us about the â€Å"muscles around his mouth† and he waves his hand, while in the background there comes a â€Å"sound like a gigantic bonfire.† In the story the nethergrave it was hard to tell you were in another world because of the lack of detail. They didn’t give you a time period too, so there isn’t really to relate to besides the fact that it’s about a boy who uses his computer to hide and lie about his life. The theme in the story â€Å"A sound of thunder† you have to stay on the correct path in life or it will go all wrong. The plans you thought you had will change and everything will be challenging and hard. In the stor y the â€Å"Nether grave†, the theme of the story I believe it is when you feel like your life is bad, don’t go on trying to hide what’s going on. I think the first story has the best theme â€Å"A sound of thunder† because it is true. If you don’t stay on the correct paths of life and associate yourself with good people, your life and plans  can all change. You can’t have the both of best worlds.